王雪乔

语篇理解是高考英语考试的一个重要考查方面，具体题型包括完形填空、阅读理解、七选五、语法填空、改错以及书面表达。可以看出，对语篇理解的考查贯穿高考英语试卷的方方面面，以此可以看出英语语篇理解的重要性。语篇理解的重要性凸显出对英语语篇衔接方式把握的重要性。英语语篇衔接手段主要依赖代词、同义词、同位词替换和语篇的语序，以此来避免重复和保持行文的逻辑合理性。

英语行文不喜欢重复，除非有特殊需要，这和汉语有较大的区别。以下，我们就从句子层面到篇章层面来考查英语是如何进行衔接的。

1. 句子层面

句子是构成篇章的基本单位，所以先来看句子层面上英语衔接的特点。

例1 Mary received a Christmas gift from her Grandmother and she liked it.

使用代词代替上文出现的名词“a Christmas gift”，避免重复。

例2 I bought two books， both of which were written by a world famous woman writer.

使用关系代词指代先行词“two books”，避免重复，起到衔接作用。

例3 The second home-made aircraft-carrier is now being built. It is expected that she is among the most advanced in the world.

同例句1，用“she”指的是“The second home-made aircraft-carrier”，避免重复。在英

语里，船舶等交通工具可以用代词“she”来指代。

例4 Jack had his own smart phone but he took mine as his own， which was something I felt terribly sick of.

名词性物主代词可以指代上文提到的名词“smart phone”，起到上下衔接的作用。

例5 The southerners are in preference to rice while the northerners are keen on wheat.

英语里，相同的意思可以选择不同的近义词或者短语来表达，比如该句中的“are in preference to”和“are keen on”就属于这种情况。

例6 He expressed his pessimism that all of the efforts we took were in vain but I objected to this kind of outlook.

两个不同的名词，表达相同的意思，用法同上。

例7 Our unemployment rate is up， but our salary is down.

连词起到上下文的衔接作用。

例8 My mother asked me to go to the market with her， but I didnt want to.

不定式的省略，省略了上文的“go to the market with her”，避免了重復累赘。

2. 语篇层次

关于语篇层次的衔接，本文想从两个方面进行展示，首先从词的角度看英语的语篇衔接。

Jack is well-received in his class. As the monitor of the class， he often holds fascinating activities in which many students are ready to participate and make friends with each other. If one is in trouble in study or in life， the monitor always offers to lend a hand as soon as possible， which makes the boy one of the most popular students in the class. What is more， not only is he an able monitor but he has a gift for music， whose performance always arouses much admiration among the students whenever there is a party in class or in school. Now， you see， how popular Jack is！

这篇短文是介绍杰克是一个受欢迎的人。……