中外田径七项全能优秀运动员成绩的比较研究
2019-07-05陈泽定文静陈晗方星
陈泽定 文静 陈晗 方星
摘 要：随着训练技术更加科学化，世界田径七项全能运动不断发展。笔者运用文献资料法、数理统计法和逻辑推理法等对参加2016年奥运会运动员成绩和2017年全国运动会运动员成绩进行比较分析。研究发现，中国田径七项全能优秀运动员的成绩与世界优秀运动员存在很大的差距，不论总分还是各单项均存在非常显著性的差异，而差距最大前两位的是所有投掷项目铅球和标枪，标枪相差最大。同时，中国田径七项全能优秀运动员的成绩主要有4个项目决定，分别是100m跨栏、标枪、跳远和铅球，其中标枪和铅球两个项目对成绩的影响最大。因此，在运动员选材时注重投掷项目的发展潜力，在选材测试时加大投掷类项目的评价权重，并在日常训练时注重投掷类项目训练，尤其注重标枪。
关键词：田径七项全能运动 比较研究 影响因素
中图分类号：G80 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-2813（2019）03（b）-0253-04
Abstract： With the more scientific training techniques， the world track and field heptathlon continues to develop. By using the methods of documentation， mathematical statistics and logical reasoning， the author makes a comparative analysis of the results of athletes participating in the 2016 Olympic Games and the results of athletes participating in the 2017 National Games. It is found that there is a big gap between the performance of Chinese elite Heptathlon Athletes and that of the world elite athletes. There are very significant differences in total scores and individual events. The biggest gap is between shot put and javelin in all throwing events， with the biggest difference between javelin and Chinese elite heptathlon athletes. At the same time， the performance of Chinese elite track and field Heptathlon Athletes is mainly determined by four items， namely， 100-meter hurdles， javelin， long jump and shot put， of which javelin and shot put are the two items that have the greatest impact on the performance. Therefore， in the selection of athletes， we should pay attention to the development potential of throwing events， increase the evaluation weight of throwing items in the selection test， and pay attention to the training of throwing items in daily training， especially javelin.
Key Words： Heptathlon; Comparative Study; Influencing Factors
田徑全能项目被誉为“田径之母”，女子田径七项全能成绩是由100m栏、200m、800m、跳高、跳远、铅球和标枪等七个各单项原始成绩通过《全能项目评分表》将不同的单项成绩换算为相应的分值，其各单项得分之和进行排名而确定比赛名次。该运动项目的水平作为评价一个国家女子田径运动发展水平的重要指标，人们把全能运动冠军堪称为“田径之王”。因此，世界各国对田径全能运动的发展重视程度不言而喻。随着时代的发展，在运动员和教练员的共同努力下，女子七项全能运动取得了较好的发展。……
