农民工的家庭禀赋与收入代际流动的关系分析
2018-12-29何珊珊
何珊珊
摘要:通过分析中国农民工经济资本、社会资本、文化资本和人力資本的高低即家庭禀赋的优越与否,依据家庭禀赋和收入代际流动的正相关关系,得出农民工由于较低的家庭禀赋形成了较低的收入代际流动的结论。并提出增强农民工家庭禀赋的措施,以增强农民工收入代际流动尤其是向上的收入代际流动,最终实现降低中国基尼系数,增强社会公平的目标。
关键词:收入代际流动;家庭禀赋;农民工
中图分类号:D422.7 文献标识码:A
文章编号:0439-8114(2018)19-0117-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.19.025 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Analysis on the Correlation Between Family Endowment and Income Intergenerational Mobility of Peasant Workers
HE Shan-shan
(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)
Abstract: Through analysis on the situation of economic capital, social capital, cultural capital and human capital, i.e. whether the family endowment of peasant workers in China is favorable or not, and according to the positive correlation between family endowment and income intergenerational mobility, it was concluded that the lower income intergenerational mobility of peasant workers have been formed due to their lower family endowments. Then the measures to strengthen family endowment were put forward, thus to increase the income intergenerational mobility, so as to finally realize the goal of reducing the Gini coefficient and enhancing social equity.
Key words: income intergenerational mobility; family endowment; peasant workers
改革开放以来,中国经济快速增长,人们的生活水平不断提高,同时伴随着城乡间以及行业间的收入差距不断拉大。2016年国家统计局数据表明,欧洲发达国家的基尼系数大部分保持在0.30~0.40,日本和韩国的基尼系数仅为0.26,中国居民收入的基尼系数处于0.46~0.49。基尼系数是国际通用的衡量一个国家或地区的居民收入差距的常用指标,基尼系数越大,收入差距越大,通常把0.40作为贫富差距的警戒线,大于这一数值容易出现社会动荡。由此可见,当前中国的基尼系数已高于警戒线。
现阶段,农民工构成了中国城市贫困人口的主要组成部分。在中国的二元体制和户籍制度的作用下,农民工与城市居民之间长期处于一种不平等的状态。从整个家庭来看,这种不平等呈现出继承性、遗传性特征,对收入代际流动水平产生消极影响。
本研究试图从家庭禀赋对农民工的收入代际流动影响方面进行分析,进而了解外来务工人员的收入代际流动程度,有效增加城市外来务工人口收入代际流动性,特别是向上的收入代际流动,防止贫困的代际传递。……
