积极老龄化视角下农村互助养老模式效用浅析
2018-12-29张亚丽季年芳
张亚丽 季年芳
摘要:伴随着中国农村老龄化、农村空巢化进程不断加快,农村互助养老模式应运而生,成为家庭养老、机构养老之外应对农村老龄化的重要方式。基于积极老龄化的视角,从老年人的社会参与、老年人的日常保障以及呵护关注老年人的健康3个方面,分析农村互助养老模式的积极效用,指出长效运行机制是农村互助养老模式持续发展的保障,建议从政策保障、资金支持、监管评估3个方面构建长效运行机制,促进农村互助养老模式健康有序发展。
关键词:积极老龄化;农村互助养老;效用;运行机制
中图分类号:D669.6 文献标识码:A
文章编号:0439-8114(2018)19-0164-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.19.035 開放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Rural Mutual Assistance and Pension Models from the Perspective of Active Aging
ZHANG Ya-li,JI Nian-fang
(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)
Abstract: With the accelerating process of rural aging and rural empty nesting in China, the model of rural mutual support for the aged has emerged, which has become an important way to deal with rural aging in addition to family retirement and institutional pension. Based on the perspective of active aging, from the three aspects of social participation of the elderly, daily protection of the elderly, and care for the health of the elderly, the positive effects of the rural mutual aid and pension model were analyzed, and the long-term operation mechanism was considered to be the continuing pattern of old-age support for rural residents. As for the protection of development, it is suggested that a long-term operation mechanism be constructed from the three aspects of policy guarantee, financial support, and supervision and evaluation to promote the healthy and orderly development of the rural mutual aid and retirement support model.
Key words: active aging; mutual support for the elderly in rural areas; utility; operational mechanism
2017年国家统计局发布的数据显示,中国60周岁以上人口为24 090万人,占总人口比重的17.3%,其中65周岁及其以上的人口为15 831万人,占总人口比重的11.4%,其中,农村老年人口比重超过一半。伴随着人口老龄化进程逐渐加快,城镇化和工业化的持续发展以及教育水平的提高,农村大量的年轻人口为了生计或学业向城市流动,致使农村地区人口结构以老年人和儿童为主,农村地区呈现空心化[1]。此外,中国长期施行的计划生育政策致使农村家庭结构小型化,传统的家庭养老功能受到挑战,农村老人的养老问题愈发严峻。传统的家庭养老模式已不能满足目前农村空巢老人的养老问题,亟需一个能够充分解决农村老年人的养老问题的新型养老模式,农村互助养老模式应运而生。……
