福利多元主义视角下的农村居家养老模式探究
2018-12-29范钰淼
范钰淼
摘要:居家养老模式作为一种新型的养老模式,弥补了家庭养老和机构养老的不足,为老龄化程度不断加深的中国社会提供了新的养老路径思考。以福利多元主义为理论支撑,深入探索这一理论对中国农村居家养老模式发展的指导意义,得出在发展的过程中要保证居家养老服务供给主体的多元化、发现老年人服务需求的多样化,并提供多元化的养老服务内容和供给方式,构建居家养老服务体系多元合作的網络“群”、坚持以老年人多元化的服务需求为导向、提供全方位多层次的养老服务供给方式、强化居家养老服务的资金支持以及加强对居家养老服务的宣传工作等意见。
关键词:福利多元主义;农村居家养老;多元化
中图分类号:F323.89 文献标识码:A
文章编号:0439-8114(2018)19-0143-06
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.19.031 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Research on Rural Home Endowment Mode Based on the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism
FAN Yu-miao
(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)
Abstract: As a new pattern of old-age care, community care services at the same time makes up for the shortages of family support and institution-endowment, and provides a new thinking on the path of old-age care for the Chinese society with the deepening of aging. Based on the theory of Welfare Pluralism, explores the guiding significance of this theory to the development of China's rural community care services pattern, concludes that in the process of development, it is necessary to ensure diversification of the main body of home-based pension services and diversify the service needs of the aged, And provide a wide range of pension services and supply methods. Based on this, we put forward a network "group" that builds a multi-cooperation network of community care services system, insists on diversified service needs of the elderly, provides a full range of multi-level pension service provision, strengthen the financial support for community rural care services and promotion of community care services thinking.
Key words: welfare pluralism;community rural care services;diversification
伴随着社会经济的发展,医疗水平逐渐提高,人均寿命不断延长,老龄化问题逐渐成为中国社会最不可逃避的问题之一。到2016年底,中国65岁及以上的人口数量达到1.5亿。据测算,到2016年,农村的老年人口就要超过20%,到2030年将达到33%,届时可能高于城镇11.7个百分点[1]。大规模的人口老龄化浪潮涌来,其中有大约60%的老年人集中在农村,中国的未富先老问题在农村表现尤其突出。加之城镇化的发展推动了农村劳动力的转移,在中国农村,家庭养老功能作为主要养老方式日渐弱化,机构养老的弊端也逐渐显现,以家庭为基础、社区为依托的居家养老模式成为现代农村养老的“新宠”[2]。……
