何强 张培华

[摘要]外泌体是细胞分泌的直径30～100nm的脂质双层膜囊泡。间充质干细胞的许多功能可通过其旁分泌的外泌体发挥作用。研究表明，间充质干细胞来源外泌体能通过有效转运母细胞来源的特异性蛋白质、mRNA、microRNA、脂质等生物活性物质进入靶细胞，调控创面愈合过程中炎症反应、细胞增殖、迁移、分化、血管生成与基质重建等多个阶段，促进创面愈合与抑制瘢痕形成，提升创面修复能力，具有良好的临床应用前景。本文就间充质干细胞来源外泌体在创面修复中作用及机制进行综述。

[关键词]外泌体；间充质干细胞；创面修复；促进愈合；抑制瘢痕

[中图分类号]R641 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455（2018）09-0143-06

Progress of Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells

in Repair of Cutaneous Wound in Relation to Function and Mechanism

HE Qiang， ZHANG Pei-hua

（Department of Plastic Surgery，Guangdong Medical University， Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University， Zhanjiang 524000，Guangdong，China）

Abstract： Exosomes are lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles whose diameter is 30-100 nm secreted by various cell types， and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） function via the paracrine pathway--exosomes. Recently， several studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from MSCs can effectively carry bioactive substance into recipient cells， such as specific proteins， mRNAs， microRNAs and lipids derived from the parental cells. These mocular cargoes can regulate many biological processes in the repair of cutaneous wound， such as the inflammatory response， cell proliferation， cell migration， cell differentiation， blood vessel tube formation and matrix reconstruction， which not only promote wound healing but also inhibit the development of scar to enhance the capacity for wound repair. Therefore， exosomes derived from MSCs have a good clinical application prospect. This review will discuss the current literature regarding the role of exosomes derived from MSCs in cutaneous wound repair， especially the function and mechanism.

Key words： exosomes； mesenchymal stem cells； cutaneous wound repair； improvement of healing； inhibition of scar

外泌體（Exo，exosomes）是一种经细胞内体途径生成并释放到细胞外的囊性小泡，直径介于30～100nm，由磷脂双层膜包被，其内包裹脂质、蛋白质、核酸等多种生物活性物质，电镜下观察呈杯状，是参与细胞间物质转运与信息传递的重要角色[1]。1983年，Pan等在观察绵羊网织红细胞成熟过程中首次发现包裹代谢终产物并释放到细胞外的小囊泡，1987年Johnstone等将其正式命名为“外泌体”[2-3]。此后发现，包括间充质干细胞（MSCs，mesenchymal stem cells）在内的几乎所有细胞都能分泌外泌体，并释放入细胞外环境中，如细胞培养上清液，以及各种体液，包括血液、淋巴液、脑脊液、唾液、尿液、羊水等[4]。

新近研究表明，外泌体在细胞间信号通讯中发挥重要作用，具有免疫调节、促进血管再生、以及介导细胞增殖、分化、迁移、凋亡等功能，维持机体的正常生理状态与参与疾病进程[5]。……