王红娟　毛迎新　黄丹娟

摘要：对巴东县21个茶园土壤、茶树叶片和枝条进行调查取样，并对其土壤肥力状况和茶树营养状况进行分析评定。结果表明，巴东茶园土壤有机质含量适中，碱溶性有机质和土壤速效氮含量中等偏上，土壤速效磷和速效钾缺乏严重，低于临界值的比例达到80.95%。茶树叶片氮含量中等偏上，部分茶树叶片磷和钾含量偏低，缺乏比例分别为33.33%和42.86%。在养分含量相关性上，叶片、枝条和土壤三者相关性高，顺序为枝条与叶片>枝条与土壤>叶片与土壤，3种营养元素中以钾的相关性最高。

关键词：土壤肥力；茶树营养；相关性

中图分类号：TS272；S158.2 文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2018）15-0046-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.15.011 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of Soil Fertility and Tea Tree Nutrition in Badong Distriction

WANG Hong-juan，MAO Ying-xin，HUANG Dan-juan，GONG Zi-ming

（Institute of Fruit and Tea Hubei Academy of Aagricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430209，China）

Abstract： 21 samples of tea garden soil and tea leaves and branches in Badong county were investigated and sampled. The soil fertility status and the nutritional status of tea plants were analyzed and evaluated. The result showed，soil fetility was serious in tea garden. The content of alkali-soluble organic matter and nitrogen were in middle and high level，soil available phosphorus and potassium were deficient seriously，deficient rate was 80.95% respectively. leaf nitrogen content of tea was more than middle，but phosphorus and potassium of tea were deficient，insufficient prevalence rates were 33.33% and 42.86%. Leaf was highly correlated with branch and soil in nutrients content，the order of correlation was branch and leaf>leaf and soil>branch and soil. The correlation of potassium content was higher than nitrogen phosphorus.

Key words： soil fertility； tea nutrients； the correlation

茶叶是湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州巴东县的传统农业特色产业，2016年巴东县茶叶面积达到5 272 hm2，产量53 076 t，茶叶已成为其经济作物中的骨干品种和丘陵山区的支柱产业。目前，巴东县茶叶生产中存在茶园肥力和茶树营养状况不明，茶农盲目施肥的问题。在茶园中施氮能显著提高春茶的产量和品质[1，2]，但有研究表明，当施氮量为3 000 kg/hm2时，新稍（一芽一叶）中总氨基酸的含量约为4%；而施纯氮量为1 000 kg/hm2时，新稍中总氨基酸含量也可达3%。随着氮肥用量的增加，春茶鲜叶叶绿素的组分含量均出现先增加后下降的变化趋势，在氮肥用量为600 kg/hm2时，叶绿素各组分含量较高[3]。据韩文炎等[4]调查发现，中国典型茶区氮肥使用量在0～2 600 kg/hm2，平均氮肥使用量为553 kg/hm2，大量使用速效性氮肥不仅造成氮肥利用率明显降低，而且导致严重的环境污染。目前……