王佳佳 蒋业林 王芬 程云生 侯冠军 季索菲 郑露 李翔 张晔 吴育春 苏友风

摘 要：为了解中华鳖胚胎的发育及稚鳖雌雄分化的性状特征，通过监测胚胎重随着孵化时间、质量和稚鳖外形形态的变化，采用相关分析和通径分析法，分析了胚胎性状与质量的关系，建立回归方程。在胚胎生长发育过程中对稚鳖的背甲长、宽和头长等部位生长数据进行了测量统计，结果表明，背甲长、宽和头长与胚胎重呈显著正相关关系；从外观观察稚鳖性别差异明显，根据外观性状参数进行验证分析，正确率达89.5%。

关键词：中华鳖；胚胎发育；稚鳖；雌雄分化

中图分类号 Q954.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）12-0100-3

Development of Embryos in Juvenile Soft-shelled Turtles and Observation of Their Male and Female Differentiation

Wang Jiajia1，2 et al.

（1 Fishery institute，Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hefei 230031，China；2 Anhui Engineering Research Center for turtle Farming Technology，Bengbu 233000，China）

Abstract：In order to know racteristics of the embryo development and the male and female differentiation of the juvenile soft shelled turtle， the relationship between the embryo character and the quality of the juvenile soft shelled turtle was analyzed by monitoring the changes of the quality of the embryo weight and the shape of the juvenile soft shelled turtle， and the regression equation was established by the correlation analysis and the path analysis. The growth data of the back length and head length of the juvenile soft shelled turtle were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the length and width of the back length， and the head length had a significant positive correlation with the weight of the embryo. From the appearance， the sex differences of juvenile soft shelled turtle were obvious， and the accuracy rate was 89.5% according to the appearance parameters.

Key words：Embryo；Embryonic development；Juvenile soft shelled turtle；Male and female differentiation

中華鳖（Embryo），又名甲鱼、团鱼等，卵生两栖爬行动物，具有重要的研究价值，广泛分布于东南亚各国。在我国，除新疆、西藏、青海外，其它各省均有分布。自然条件下鳖卵孵化率低，人工孵化可提高其成活率。孵化过程中，蛋壳向胚胎提供多种无机盐，卵黄提供有机物和无机物，当胚胎生长速度或者孵化期长时，孵化出壳后，剩余的可利用卵黄很少，卵黄是中华鳖开口之前的能源，卵黄剩余多，有助于提高存活率。温度除了能够影响中华鳖性腺发育，还能影响发育过程中的能耗，温度过高，导致胚胎发育能耗过高；温度过低，孵化期长，总能耗增加[1]。朱阿莉等还发现，在低温下孵化出的稚鳖活动力较弱，放入水中后，需要多次用手触碰驱赶才会游动，而且游泳能力较弱，易死亡[2]。中华鳖卵能够适应一定的温度变化，最适宜温度是28～32℃，温度过高或者过低都会导致胚胎死亡。……