福州文儒坊西段古城墙和护城河遗址遗存古木解剖
2018-09-18陈家宝齐文玉张勇盛佳乐林金国
陈家宝 齐文玉 张勇 盛佳乐 林金国
摘 要:以福州文儒坊西段古城墙和护城河遗址的城墙基槽及护岸中挖出的遗存古木为研究对象,对古木进行聚乙二醇(PEG)包埋和解剖,观察分析古木样品的宏观构造和微观构造特征,结果表明:FH1、FH5试样均为香樟[Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.],FH2试样为杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.],FH3试样为米槠[Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hay.],FH6试样为铁杉(Tsuga sp.),FH4、FH7试样均为秋枫属木材(Bischofia sp.)。研究结果为初步掌握五代十国时期福州基础建设中常用木材种类提供了有利依据。
关键词:福州护城河;五代十国;古木解剖;包埋
中图分类号 S781.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2018)12-0072-3
Anatomy of Ancient Wood Remained on the Moat and Western Ancient City Wall of Fuzhou Wenru Fang
Chen Jiabao1 et al.
(1College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)
Abstract: The ancient wood taken from the remains in foundation trench of western ancient city wall and bank revetment the moat in Fuzhou Wenru Fang were embedded with polyethylene glycol(PEG) and dissected as a research object to observe and analyze its macrostructure and microscopic structure.The results showed that: Samples FH1 and FH5 both were camphor[Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.]; sample FH2 was Chinese fir[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook];sample FH3 was Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hay.;sample FH6 was Tsuga sp.;Samples FH4 and FH7 both were Bischofia sp. The conclusion provided a favorable evidence for the preliminary research of the commonly used timber types in Fuzhou infrastructure during the Five Dynasties and Ten States period.
Key words:Fuzhou moat;Five Dynasties and Ten States;Anatomy of ancient wood;Embed
三坊七巷位于福州市中心地带,始建于西晋末年。2015年在三坊七巷文儒坊西段考古工地发现了古木遗迹,据专家测定为五代十国时期安泰河遗址以及罗城城墙遗址。安泰河原本是五代十国时期闽王王审知所建罗城的护城河,其由晋朝的城外河流发展到唐朝罗城的护城河,再至梁朝、明朝、宋朝的内河。2014—2015年于福州文儒坊西段遗址的古城墙基槽及安泰河北岸木质护岸考古工地取材鉴定,共取了7块古木试样。本文通过对采集的古木试样进行解剖分析揭示古木木材种类,为了解五代十国时期福州城墙建设和河岸加固所用木材、进而了解当时福州民众在基础建设中对木材的使用状况提供基础依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料 从福州文儒坊西段古城墙和护城河遗址的城墙基槽及护岸中挖掘的古木上切取小块古木试样,编号为FH1、FH2、FH3、FH4、FH5、FH6、FH7,用清水清洗后风干备用。
1.2 方法 由于古木长期浸泡在河水中,腐朽老化严重,大多无法直接进行切片,所以对古木试样进行预先包埋。……
