耿胜荣 陈新 王晓芳

摘要：以魔芋飞粉/淀粉、聚乙烯醇（PVA）为主要原料，通过流延成膜法制备魔芋飞粉/淀粉共混膜，并评价共混膜的降解性和氮素缓释性。结果表明，纯PVA膜吸水倍数、拉伸力和穿刺力分别为0.57 g/g、951.7 N和49.7 N，飞粉与PVA比例从0.2∶1增加至0.6∶1时，共混膜吸水倍数为1.0 g/g左右，拉伸力和穿刺力分别从763.2 N和44.475 N升高至1 253.2 N和70.5 N；浸泡28 d后纯淀粉膜和纯PVA膜的氮素缓释率为3.170%和4.201%，而飞粉共混膜缓释率为17.704%～50.210%；由红外图谱在3 700～3 000 cm-1的峰变窄，在2 910 cm-1出现尖峰，说明葡甘聚糖的C-H的伸缩振动增强，飞粉与聚乙烯醇之间发生相互作用；经过电镜扫描测定之后，可以看到编号为0∶1和st∶1的共混膜表面没有明显的孔洞，0.2∶1和0.4∶1的共混膜表面有少许孔洞，而飞粉0.6∶1的共混膜表面有较多的孔洞，并出现霉点，说明共混膜发生降解。因此，飞粉与PVA共混可改善膜的耐水性和机械性，膜的降解性提高、肥料的缓释速度可精确控制。

关键词：魔芋飞粉；共混膜；缓释性；降解性

中图分类号：TQ321.2；S632.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）12-0095-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.12.026

Abstract： The konjac fly powder/starch blends were prepared by casting the konjac flour/starch and PVA as the main raw materials. The effects of fly ash on the properties of the films were studied from the degradation and the release of nutrient. Results After adding fly powder and pure starch，the blending ratio of 0.6∶1 blends was 0.96，st∶1 blends were 0.57，the puncture force and tensile force increased，and the proportion of fly powder was higher. The effect of 0.6∶1 blends was 70.538 N and 1 253.18 N respectively. The 28 days nitrogen slow release rate of pure starch film was 3.170% and of pure PVA membrane was 4.201% respectively. The nitrogen slow release rate range of different fly powder content membrane were from 17.704%～50.210%. The peak of 3 700～3 000 cm-1 was narrowed at 2 910 cm-1 And the interaction between fly powder and polyvinyl alcohol was enhanced. After scanning electron microscopy，it was observed that the surface of the blend film numbered 0∶1 and st∶1 was not Significant holes，0.2∶1 and 0.4∶1，have a small number of pores on the surface of the blend film，while the fly powder 0.6∶1 has more pores on the surface of the blend film. And the emergence of mold point，indicating the degradation of the film. Conclusion Flying powder is beneficial to the sustained release of the film，and it also promotes the degradation.

Key words： konjac fly powder； blended film； release ability； degradability

包膜肥料[1]是能依據作物营养阶段性、连续性等营养特性，利用物理、化学、生物等手段调节和控制释放养分供应强度与容量，达到供肥缓急相济效果的植物营养复合体。包膜肥料的施用可提高肥料利用率、减少肥料流失造成的污染问题。同时减少施肥生产中的财力和劳力消耗，是当今肥料领域的研究焦点[2]。其中包膜是包膜肥料研制的关键。传统的有机物包膜如聚乙烯醇，可以实现肥料的高效利用，但是降解困难或周期长[3]；……