乡村旅游绅士化及其空间响应机制研究
2018-09-14郭吉
郭吉
摘要:地方政府协同资本下乡参与乡村建设已成为一种普遍现象,并在乡村地区掀起了绅士化浪潮。以乡村旅游绅士化与乡村空间重构关系互动为核心研究议题,基于村域尺度,以旺山村为例,对乡村旅游绅士化进程及空间特征进行了深入分析。结果表明,依据旅游建设历程及绅士化机制,可将旺山村乡村旅游绅士化分为政府主导的准备期、政府主导+资本参与的发展期以及文化导向+社会互动的成熟期三个阶段,不同阶段空间重构呈现不同特征。
关键词:乡村旅游绅士化;空间响应;机制;旺山村
中图分类号:TU982.29 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)12-0120-06
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.12.031
Abstract: It has been a normal phenomenon that local government and capital to the countryside take deeply part in rural construction. And set off a wave of gentrification in the countryside. This paper focuses on the interaction between rural tourism gentrification and spatial reconstruction. It bases on village scale and study from a case of Suzhou Wangshan Village,and it makes an in-depth analysis on the mechanism of spatial reconstruction of Tourism Village. It is found that,according to the tourism construction process and the gentrification mechanism,the rural tourism gentrification can be divided into three stages:The preparation period of government-led,the development period of government-led + capital participation and the mature stage of the cultural orientation+social interaction. At different stages,there are different features in space.
Key words: rural tourism gentrification; spatial response; mechanism; Wangshan village
英国社会学家Ruth Glass最先提出绅士化(Gentrification)这一概念,用来描述中产阶级居住区对工人等低收入阶级居住区的替代过程[1]。随着概念的不断延伸,绅士化泛指高收入群体的侵入,引起某一特定地区的社会结构、物质景观不断提升的过程[2]。随着中国消费水平和结构的变化,乡村作为一种独特的消费体验对象,吸引了大量外来资本和游客。近年来,伴随“美丽乡村”“特色小镇”建设,乡村旅游绅士化愈演愈烈。现有对旅游绅士化的研究基本将城市与乡村二者模糊涵盖在一起,亦或明确直指城市地区,对乡村旅游绅士化缺少明确的界定。何深静等[3]将乡村绅士化理解为市民对乡村文化和自然景观体验与消费的过程。Gotham[4]将旅游绅士化定义为通过休闲娱乐和旅游业的发展,使得中产阶级居住的邻里地区转化成为一个相对富裕和专有区域的过程。……
