徐杰

摘 要 本文采用《青少年心理弹性量表》对东莞市某中职学校540名学生进行测试，试图了解中职生心理弹性现状及其影响因素。结果显示：（1）东莞市中职生心理弹性发展处于中等水平，其中积极认知得分最高，情绪控制得分最低；（2）中职男生普遍在目标专注、控制情绪上得分高于中职女生，但在人际合作、弹性总分方面却低于中职女生；（3）中职一年级学生在弹性总分、情绪控制和人际协助方面均显著高于中职二年级学生；（4）不同专业学生在心理弹性方面具有一定差异性；（5）中职生心理弹性受自尊与人格、应对方式等内部因素影响的同时，也受家庭、社会支持等外部因素的影响。通过对东莞市中职生心理弹性的状况进行探讨，进而寻找更多更有效的方法来提高中职生的心理弹性水平，期望在理论和实践上对中等职业教育有所启发。

关键词 中职生 心理弹性 调查研究

中图分类号：G444 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.03.085

An Investigation on the Status Quo of Psychological Resilience of Secondary Vocational School Students in Dongguan City and Its Influencing Factors

XU Jie

（School of Business and Economics of Dongguan， Dongguan， Guangdong 523000）

Abstract This article uses the "Adolescent Psychology Resilience Scale" to test 540 students from a vocational school in Dongguan to try to understand the psychological status of the secondary vocational students and the influencing factors. The results showed that： （1） The development of mental health of middle vocational school students in Dongguan was at a medium level， with the highest score of positive cognition and the lowest score of emotional control； （2） The middle school boys scored higher than the mid-level female students in terms of goal focus and emotional control. However， in terms of interpersonal cooperation and total elastic scores， it is lower than that of secondary school girls. （3） The first-year students in secondary vocational schools are significantly higher than the second-year students in secondary vocational schools in terms of total elastic scores， emotional control， and interpersonal assistance； Professional students have certain differences in their psychological resilience； （5） The psychological elasticity of secondary vocational students is affected by internal factors such as self-esteem， personality， and coping styles， as well as external factors such as family and social support. Through the discussion of the situation of mental health of secondary vocational students in Dongguan City， we will seek more and more effective methods to improve the level of psychological flexibility of secondary vocational students， and hope to inspire secondary vocational education in theory and practice.

Keywords secondary vocational students； psychological flexibility； investigation and research

1 国内外心理弹性研究现状

决定一个人在应对危及时能否复原成功的因素是心理弹性。当前在三个方向上有针对心理弹性的研究：（1）主效應模式，试图找到心理弹性的危险因素和保护性因素，如《中职学生心理弹性现状及其影响因素的综合研究》（张晓雯2013）；（2）中介作用模式，寻找增强保护因素积极效果或者削弱危险因素消极后果的变量，如《初中学生心理弹性与气质、父母教养方式的关系研究》（童秋萍2009）；（3）交互作用模式，试图解释个体和环境对危险因素调节作用的过程，如《中学生心理弹性及其与应对方式的关系研究》（张苏2010）。……