庞旭卿

摘 要 开展和推行现代学徒制已成为当今高等职业教育改革发展的重要趋势，也是高等职业教育创新发展行动计划的重要组成部分，然而，从现代学徒制的实施来看推行速度较为缓慢，存在的瓶颈不容忽视。陕西铁路工程职业技术学院作为教育部现代学徒制试点单位与中铁一局集团有限公司、西安铁路局等企业合作对铁道工程技术、盾构施工技术等交通土建类专业进行现代学徒制试点取得了一定的成效。本文通过剖析该学院相关专业现代学徒制实施经验，为其它高职院校在当前制度环境下实施现代学徒制提供了借鉴。

关键词 高等职业教育 现代学徒制 校企合作 人才培养模式

中图分类号：G712 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.04.006

The Bottleneck and Practical Exploration of Modern Apprenticeship

Construction in Higher Vocational Colleges

PANG Xuqing

（Railway Engineering Department， Shaanxi Railway Institute， Weinan， Shanxi 714000）

Abstract Carry out and implement modern apprentice system has become the important trend of current higher vocational education reform， which is an important part of the plan of the development of higher vocational education innovation and action. However， the speed is relatively slow from the perspective of the implementation of modern apprenticeship and the bottleneck of the existence of nots allow to ignore. Shaanxi Railway Institute is a pilot unit of modern apprenticeship in the ministry of education. It has made some achievements in cooperation with China railway group co.， LTD.， Xi'an railway bureau and other enterprises during the modern apprenticeship system for railway engineering technology， shield construction technology and other transportation civil engineering carrying out. Through the analysis of the experience of modern apprenticeship in the college， this paper provides reference for other vocational colleges to implement modern apprenticeship in the current institutional environment.

Keywords higher vocational education； modern apprenticeship； school-enterprise cooperation； talent training mode

2014 年國家颁布的《国务院关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》[国发〔2014〕19 号]指出，要“开展校企联合招生、联合培养的现代学徒制试点，完善支持政策，推进校企一体化育人。”现代学徒制创建了学校与企业共同培养高素质劳动者和技术技能型人才的人才培养模式，已成为许多国家开发人力资源、促进经济发展的重要举措。国外较早的如澳大利亚、芬兰、德国、瑞士、日本及英美通过工读交替的方式将学徒制作为职业教育的主题模式并取得了一定的成功经验。推行现代学徒制已成为我国现阶段高职大专院校优化人才培养模式、实现内涵提升培养高素质技术技能人才的重要举措。[1]

1 高职院校现代学徒制构建的瓶颈