吴苏　李鹏　阙艳红　朱东红

摘要：农业干旱是我国最主要的农业气象灾害，因农业干旱造成的经济损失远超过任何其他农业气象灾害。相对其他农业气象灾害而言，农业干旱发生频率高、致灾范围广、持续时间长、损失影响大。在全球气候变化背景下，近年来我国农业干旱发生更为频繁，干旱持续时间之长、影响地域之广为历史所罕见，引起了中央和各级政府的高度关注，目前农业干旱已经成为我国农业持续稳定发展的严重障碍。为了更好地防灾减灾，全国建立了一套科学完善的旱情监测系统，通过在各地合理地布设监测站点，及时、准确地监测降水量、土壤含水率，科学、合理地分析预测土壤墒情变化，并依此来指导抗旱工作的进行。土壤水分观测数据的质量控制工作是气象系统土壤水分观测业务管理、服务和科研工作的重要组成部分，合理、有效的质量控制策略和算法对于进行设备运行监控和数据应用分析具有重要意义。

关键词：农业干旱；土壤水分；监测系统；质量控制

中图分类号：TP311 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-3044（2018）15-0253-04

The Design of Data Quality Control Algorithm for Automatic Soil Moisture Observation Station

WU Su， LI Peng， QUE Yan-hong， ZHU Dong-hong

（The 27th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology， Group Corporation， Zhengzhou 450047， China）

Abstract： Agricultural drought is the most important agricultural meteorological disaster in China. The economic loss caused by agricultural drought is far greater than any other agro meteorological disasters. Compared with other agro meteorological disasters， the frequency of agricultural drought is high， the scope of disaster is wide， the duration is long， and the loss is great. In the context of global climate change， the agricultural drought in China has been more frequent in recent years， the length of the drought duration and the wide impact of the region are rare in history， which has attracted the attention of the central government and the governments at all levels. At present， the agricultural drought has become a serious obstacle to the sustainable and stable development of agriculture in our country. In order to better prevent and reduce disaster and disaster reduction， a set of scientific and perfect drought monitoring system has been set up in the whole country. Through the reasonable layout of monitoring stations in various places， the precipitation and soil moisture content are monitored in time and accurately， and the soil moisture changes are scientifically and reasonably analyzed and predicted， and the drought resistance work is guided. The quality control of soil moisture observation data is an important part of the management， service and scientific research work of soil moisture observation in the meteorological system. The reasonable and effective quality control strategy and algorithm are of great significance to the monitoring of equipment operation and the analysis of data application.

Key words： Agricultural Drought； Soil Moisture； Monitoring System； Quality Control

1 綜述

近年来，中国气象局通过多次考核定型了自动土壤水分观测仪器，并开展了自动土壤水分观测网的建设工作。目前，气象部门在全国已建立2000多套自动土壤水分观测站，其中投入业务运行的有1900多套，初步实现了土壤水分的自动监测和传输，显著地改善了我国土壤水分的观测能力。根据《自动土壤水分观测规范（试行）》要求，各省（区、市）气象局从2010年6月开始逐时上报土壤水分报文文件，全国台站的土壤墒情变化动态得到了及时反映。……