谢秀美 陈红 彭芸 柏涌海

摘要：【目的】了解上海奉贤南桥社区3岁幼儿龋齿患病情况，并分析家长的口腔卫生知识知晓情况与幼儿患龋率的关联性。【方法】2017年对上海奉贤南桥社区1029名3岁幼儿进行口腔健康检查，以问卷形式调查家长的口腔卫生知识。【结果】该社区幼儿患龋率38.0%。家长的口腔卫生知识的知晓率为55.69%。口腔卫生知识知晓率高的家长，其幼儿的患龋率低。不同喂养方式幼儿患龋率比较，母乳喂养儿的患龋率低于混合喂养儿和人工喂养儿。【结论】应开展多种形式的健康教育，指导家长掌握科学有效的口腔卫生知识，大力宣传母乳喂养的优点，提高母乳喂养率，降低幼儿患龋率。

关键词：龋齿；口腔卫生知识；幼儿；预防

中图分类号：R195.4 文献标志码：ADOI：10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2018.18611

文章编号：1004-9231（2018）04-0328-03

Abstract： [Objective] To investigate the caries status of deciduous teeth in three-year-old children in Nanqiao Community Fengxian District Shanghai，and to analyze the relation between the parents′ awareness of oral hygienic knowledge and the occurrence of dental caries. [Methods] In 2017，1029 three-year old children in a community were examined for oral health and a survey on the parents′ awareness of risk factors of dental caries was conducted by questionnaires. [Results] The 3-year old children′s dental caries rate in Nanqiao community is 38.0%.The overall parents′ awareness rate of oral hygiene knowledge was 55.69%.For parents with high awareness of oral hygienic knowledge，their children′s dental caries rate is low.Compared the prevalence of caries among children with different feeding patterns，the dental caries rate in breast-fed children is lower than that of mixed and artificial feeding children. [Conclusion] We should vigorously publicize the advantages of breast-feeding，improve the rate of breast-feeding，carry out various forms of health education，foster parents to grasp scientific and effective oral hygiene knowledge，and reduce the prevalence of dental caries in children so then.

Keywords：dental caries；oral hygiene knowledge；children；prevention

齲齿是儿童最常见的口腔疾病之一，婴幼儿龋（ECC）是指幼儿和学龄前儿童发生的龋病，也被称为婴幼儿奶瓶龋、喂养龋等，是一种特别具有侵袭性的龋病类型。它在乳牙萌出后不久即可发生，常导致多个乳牙的广泛龋损，且进展快速，并对牙列造成持续性破坏[1]。ECC严重危害儿童乳牙健康， 不仅影响幼儿的正常进食，还可能造成幼儿常见的营养性疾病，造成生长发育滞后，也对幼儿心理造成一定的负面影响[2]，被世界卫生组织列为幼儿重点防治的疾病之一。为了做好儿保门诊散居儿童的口腔保健工作，2017年本项目组对奉贤南桥社区的1029名3岁幼儿进行了龋齿患病调查。

1 对象与方法

1.1 资料来源