翟晓婷 黄丽妹 阮晔 黄哲宙 费吉辉 丁国梅 齐士格 王志会

摘要：【目的】了解上海市松江区老年人日常生活能力现状。【方法】采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取调查对象，采用统一的调查问卷收集相关信息，采用卡方检验分析不同特征老年人口失能率之间的差异。【结果】本次调查共计收集到4003份有效调查问卷，调查结果显示松江区老年人平均的失能率为11.8%。人群工具性日常生活能力失能率高于躯体性日常生活能力的失能率。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况等特征老年人的日常生活能力失能率之间差异有统计学意义。【结论】高龄是老年人生活能力丧失的主要危险因素，女性的失能率高于男性；城区、具有较高受教育水平及在婚状态的老年人其生活能力较完备。

关键词：老年人；日常生活能力；失能

中图分类号：R195.4文献标志码：ADOI：10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2018.18465

文章编号：1004-9231（2018）04-0320-05

Abstract： [Objective] To assess the prevalence of disability in old people of Songjiang District in Shanghai. [Methods] Activity of Daily Living Scale was used to measure the elderly people who were 60 years old and over by multi-stage random sampling in this study，and χ2 test was used to compare the differences of rates on the extent of disability among different groups of elderly. [Results] A total of 4003 individuals were involved and the overall mean rate of disability in the elderly was 11.8%.The results showed functional disability prevalence was 1.6% on ADL and 11.4% on IADL.The rates of disability were significantly different in the elderly with different demographic characteristics. [Conclusion] Advanced age is the main risk factors influencing the daily life ability.The rates of disability are significantly higher in women than in men，and in those with illiteracy than in those with higher levels of education.

Keywords：elderly people；daily life ability；disability

《“十三五”健康老龄化规划》指出健康老龄化的含义是从生命全过程的角度，从生命早期开始，对所有影响健康的因素进行综合、系统的干预，营造有利于老年健康的社会支持和生活环境，以延长健康预期寿命，维护老年人的健康功能，提高老年人的健康水平。世界卫生组织（WHO）也早在1984年就提出，老年人健康评价的主要指标不应只是死亡和患病指标，能否独立生活应成为评价其健康状况的指标[1]。目前我国老龄化程度日益严重，高龄和失能老人不断增加，老年人的功能健康作为其健康质量的重要指标之一，对实现健康老龄化有着极其重要的意义，而日常生活能力则是老年人功能健康的重要体现。……