头孢哌酮舒巴坦在重症监护病房脓毒症患者体内的药代动力学研究
2018-06-13易林高陈晓孩何国鑫陈杰林洁
易林高 陈晓孩 何国鑫 陈杰 林洁
[摘要] 目的 研究头孢哌酮舒巴坦在重症监护病房(ICU)脓毒症患者体内的药代动力学。 方法 选择2017年1~9月在浙江省瑞安市人民医院成人ICU诊断为脓毒症且初次使用头孢哌酮舒巴坦针2.0 g的患者,采集头孢哌酮舒巴坦输注第一剂之前和完毕后0、0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8 h的血样,分离血清,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定其血药浓度。 结果 头孢哌酮消除半衰期(t1/2):(1.575±0.325)h,清除率(CL):(0.095±0.023)L/(h·kg),表观分布容积(Vd):(0.215±0.037)L/kg,峰浓度(Cmax):(83.633±19.324)mg/L,药时曲线下面积[AUC(0→∞)]:(190.213±42.625)h·mg/L;舒巴坦t1/2:(1.049±0.263)h,CL:(0.281±0.065)L/(h·kg),Vd:(0.424±0.103)L/kg,Cmax:(42.526±11.210)mg/L,AUC(0→∞):(64.394±15.435)h·mg/L。 结论 ICU脓毒症患者头孢哌酮的Vd与文献报道的普通成年人稍大,Cmax稍低,t1/2稍短,舒巴坦的变化相对较小,因此其使用头孢哌酮时要提高给药剂量和缩短给药时间。
[关键词] 头孢哌酮舒巴坦;高效液相色谱;药代动力学;脓毒症
[中图分类号] R965.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)04(a)-0034-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of Cefoperazone/Sulbactam in intensive care unit patients with sepsis. Methods The patients with sepsis in intensive care unit of Ruian people′s Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January to September 2017 who was administered 2.0 g Cefoperazone/Sulbactam for the first time were inrolled. Serial serum samples were collected before the first antibiotic dose and at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 h after Cefoperazone/Sulbactam was administered. Then the serum was separated and the concentration was determined by HPLC. Results Cefoperazone: half-life (t1/2): (1.575±0.325) h, clearance rate(CL): (0.095±0.023) L/(h·kg), apparent volume of distribution (Vd): (0.215±0.037) L/kg, peak concentration (Cmax): (83.633±19.324) mg/L, area under the curve AUC (0→∞): (190.213± 42.625) h·mg/L; Sulbactam: t1/2: (1.049±0.263) h, CL: (0.281±0.065) L/(h·kg), Vd: (0.424±0.103) L/kg, Cmax: (42.526±11.210) mg/L, AUC(0→∞): (64.394±15.435) h·mg/L. Conclusion The apparent volume of distribution of Cefoperazone in intensive care unit patients with sepsis is slightly larger than that reported in the literature, the peak concentration is slightly lower, and the half-life is shorter, while the change of Sulbactam is relatively small. Therefore, the dosage of Cefoperazone should be improved and the dosing interval should be shortened in those patients.
[Key words] Cefoperazone/Sulbactam; HPLC; Pharmacokinetics; Sepsis
膿毒症(sepsis)为宿主对感染的反应失调而致的危及生命的器官功能障碍[1-2],是重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)重度创伤、全身性感染、大型手术后、介入治疗感染等重症患者的严重并发症之一[3],病死率高达30%~70%,严重威胁着人类生命健康[4]。注射用头孢哌酮舒巴坦是ICU脓毒症患者最常用的抗生素之一[5],而脓毒症可引起患者的生理病理变化,改变其药代动力学[6-7],进而影响其血药浓度,血药浓度的不足或过高是影响其药效或导致不良反应的主要因素。而ICU脓毒症患者是否充分治疗,直接影响其治疗结果,对其治疗药物进行血药浓度监测尤为重要。故而本实验展开ICU脓毒症患者的头孢哌酮舒巴坦药代动力学研究,从而为ICU脓毒症患者在给予头孢哌酮舒巴坦时能够充分治疗提供帮助,增加疗效,减少细菌耐药和不良反应发生,提高患者的生存率。……
