枸杞专用微量元素水溶肥的应用研究
2018-06-08周浩楠陈莎莎胡娜索有瑞
周浩楠 陈莎莎 胡娜 索有瑞



摘要:以微量元素无机盐为原料,研制枸杞(Lycium barbarum Mill.)专用微量元素水溶肥,利用动物试验对该产品进行安全性评价,通过田间应用试验来验证该产品的使用效果。结果表明,该产品毒性小,施用安全。在田间施用枸杞专用微量元素水溶肥后,都兰和格尔木地区枸杞产量平均分别提高16.91%和13.25%,都兰地区枸杞千粒重和锤度平均分别提高6.19%和12.88%;德令哈地区枸杞鲜果每株平均增产0.68 kg,鲜果株产增加19.30%。
关键词:枸杞(Lycium barbarum Mill.);微量元素水溶肥;安全性;应用
中图分类号:S143.7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)08-0035-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.009
Study on Application of Water-soluble Trace Element Fertilizer
for Lycium barbarum Mill.
ZHOU Hao-nan1,2,CHEN Sha-sha1,2,HU Na1,3,SUO You-rui1,3
(1.Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;
3.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
Abstract: The water-soluble trace element fertilizer for Lycium barbarum Mill. was developed with trace element inorganic salt. The product was evaluated by animal testing,and the effect of this product was verified by field application experiments. Results showed that the product was low toxic and safe. After treatment of this product,the average yield of the L. barbarum Mill. berries in Dulan and Golmud increased by 16.91% and 13.25%,respectively. The average of thousand seed weight and brix of the L. barbarum Mill. berries in Dulan increased by 6.19% and 12.88%,respectively. L. barbarum Mill. berries in Delingha increased by an average of 0.68 kg per plant, while the fresh fruit yeild increased by 19.30% per plant.
Key words: Lycium barbarum Mill.; water-soluble trace element fertilizer; security; application
枸杞(Lycium barbarum Mill.)為茄科(Solanaceae)枸杞属(Lycium)多年生落叶灌木,果实称枸杞子,根皮称地骨皮,均可入药,嫩茎、叶可作蔬菜[1]。柴达木枸杞又称青海枸杞,产于青藏高原柴达木盆地,平均海拔2 600~3 000 m,日照时间长,昼夜温差大,空气湿度低,独特的气候条件使得柴达木枸杞具有粒大饱满、肉质肥厚、色泽鲜艳且味甘等特性,被誉为“青藏高原红宝石”[2]。但就青海省枸杞种植地区土壤所含微量元素而言,有效钼含量极低,锌也较缺乏,使得枸杞在不同的生长时期出现不同的病态特征,如落花落果等。目前在土壤肥料施用方面以化肥为主,且肥料单一,长期使用容易造成土壤盐渍化,枸杞植株容易死亡。此外,由于过量施用化肥,枸杞叶片经常提早发黄,干枯,采果期短,不利于有机农业发展[3]。随着现代生产对绿色无公害产品的发展和推广,开发应用于农产品的绿色肥料是必然之路。因此,枸杞微量元素专用肥的开发与应用,对提高枸杞产量和质量,增加种植户的经济收入意义重大。……
