彭万勇

摘要：在对新中国成立至今农业组织形式流变梳理的基础上，认为“三权分置”是在农业供给侧结构性改革背景下厘清并优化多种土地衍生权能关系的重要制度安排。并基于家庭农场五大特征内涵要义的缕析，从家庭性、专业性、适度性、高效性、法人性5个方面讨论了家庭农场适配“三权分置”的契合点，认为家庭农场是“三权分置”的具体组织形式，而“三权分置”则是家庭农场的制度导引，二者是“形与神”的关系，统一于对土地要素科学合理的配置及其延伸权能的利用，进而得出家庭农场是“三权分置”制度设计背景下最适的农业组织形式，是支撑现代农业经营体系可持续发展的重要微观组织，对农业产业内生动能的培育具有重要支撑作用。

关键词：家庭农场；“三权分置”；组织形式；契合点

中图分类号：F306.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）08-0136-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.033

Family Farm：the Best Agricultural Organizational Form of

“Separation of Three Rights”

PENG Wan-yong

（Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences/Chongqing Rural Problems Institute，Yongchuan 402160，Chongqing，China）

Abstract： Based on the evolution of agricultural organizational form since the establishment of new China，it was considered that the “Separation of Three Rights” was an important institutional arrangement to clarify and optimize various land relationships in the context of agricultural supply side structural reform. On basis of “five characteristics”，including “family”，“professional”，“moderate”，“high efficiency”，“legal personality” of family farm，the meeting point between family farm and “Separation of Three Rights” was discussed，it was considered that family farm was the specific organizational form of“Separation of Three Rights”，and “Separation of Three Rights” was the system guidance of family farm，the relationship between two was that of “shape and god” and they were united in the scientific and rational allocation of land elements and the use of extension power，and then it was concluded that the family farm was the best form of agricultural organization under the system design of “Separation of Three Rights”，which was the important micro-organization supporting the sustainable development of modern agriculture management system，with important supporting role for the cultivation of interior kinetic energy of agricultural industry.

Key words： family farm； “Separation of Three Rights”； organizational form； meeting point

1 中國农业组织变迁及启示

为了生存，人类从事农耕；为了克服人的自然能力的局限，人类寻求协作与分工；为了安全和改进生产效率，人类寄身于不同的组织载体[1]。从1950年开始的土地改革到1958年人民公社的建立，再到1983年家庭联产承包制出台，及至2016年“三权分置”制度设计的创新，在近70年的农村土地制度改革进程中，中国农业生产组织形式在不断适应并促进生产力发展的同时推陈出新，先后历经农业合作化阶段（1949—1958年）、人民公社阶段（1958—1985年）及家庭联产承包责任制阶段（1978年至今）。在三阶段农业组织变迁进程中，中国……