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国外限制大股东表决权的制度梳理及启示

2018-06-05廖欢

科教导刊 2018年3期

廖欢

摘 要 随着经济社会的不断发展,维护股份制公司公平、健康的运营,切实保护股东权益引起人们的关注和重视,这使得对公司经济活动中限制大股东表决权制度问题进行探讨和研究具有重要的现实意义。本文通过对于国内外限制大股东表决权制度的梳理,探寻有益经验,为实现股东权益的实质公平提供有益借鉴。

关键词 限制 大股东 表决权 历史经验

中图分类号:F271 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.01.069

The System of Restricting the Voting Rights of Large Shareholders abroad and Its Enlightenment

LIAO Huan

(Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510521)

Abstract With the continuous development of economy and society, maintaining the fair and healthy operation of joint-stock companies and effectively protecting the rights and interests of the shareholders arouse people's attention and attention, which makes it of great practical significance to discuss and study the problem of limiting the voting rights of major shareholders in the economic activities of the company. This article, through combing the system of controlling the voting rights of major shareholders both at home and abroad, explores beneficial experiences and provides useful lessons for the realization of the substantive equity of shareholders' rights and interests.

Keywords limit; large shareholders; voting rights; historical experience

对公司(本文所指公司为股份有限公司)股东的表决权做出限制,作为一种事前防范措施,优于股东大会的可撤销制度和无效制度。从国内外公司法的规定来看,主要体现为对公司大股东的表决权行使存在不当时进行一定的限制,为增强中小股东的表决力,赋予他们表决权有效行使的可能性,同时提高中小股东表决权行使的积极性。下面仅就其他国家或地区现行所建立的相对完善的大股东表决权限制制度进行分析,以期为我国相关领域做法提供有益借鉴。

1 股东表决权排除制度

股东表决权排除制度,又称股东表决权回避制度,是指当公司股东与股东大会讨论的决议事项有特别利害关系时,该股东或其代理人均不得就其持有的股份行使表决权的制度。

在股东表决权排除制度的有效运行下,无论大、小股东,只要满足与股东大会决议事项有特殊利害关系之要件,都必须依法排除其表决权;而违反该制度的表决——利害关系股东的投票行为均因缺乏生效要件而自始无效。……

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