农作物事业育种研究行为的市场化转变
2018-05-14缪炳良马鸿华
缪炳良 马鸿华
摘要 我国现行大宗农作物育种仍然以事业育种为主。事业育种与企业育种相比存在以下问题而使育种效率低下:因机构重置而带来育种目标滞后,育成品种同质化;因成果追求概念不同而疏于配套栽培技术研究,使许多新品种难于推广应用;因育种成果非知识资本化处理而使研究缺乏原创动力。针对这些问题,提出了整合育种团队、统一做好规范化年度育种计划、建设生态多样化筛选鉴定测试点网、做好新品种(系)审定后栽培示范技术服务等现有事业育种行为市场化转变的方案。
关键词 事业育种;企业育种;研究行为;市场化;转变
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2018)20-0217-03
Abstract Chinas current bulk crop breeding still focuses on career breeding.Compared with enterprise breeding, business breeding has the following problems and makes breeding efficiency inefficient:as a result of institutional resetting, lagging breeding objectives and homogenization of bred cultivars;due to the different concepts of the pursuit of results and the lack of research on supporting cultivation techniques, many new varieties are difficult to popularize and apply; because of the nonknowledge capitalization of breeding achievements, the research lacks original motivation.In response to these problems, some proposals has been made for the marketoriented transformation of existing business breeding practices:integrating the breeding team, unified and standardized the annual breeding program, building ecological diversification screening and appraisal and test point network, and doing a good job of the new breed (system) certification after cultivation demonstration technology service.
Key words Career breeding;Corporate breeding;Research behavior;Marketization;Transformation
自2000年《种子法》颁布实施以后,我国大宗农作物育种研究的事业属性开始向企业属性转变,可是这种转变是缓慢的。18年后的今天,已经在企业育种上有所建树的隆平高科、大北农等少数种子企业难以改变我国大宗农作物育种仍以事业研究为主的格局。
影响事业育种企业化、市场化进程的主要因素是现行土地分散经营的种植业模式。在土地分散经营模式下,无数小之又小的种植业主(农户)需要分享“公益性”的育种成果,但是,随着土地租赁承包期的到限,以及现阶段国家正在大力推进的土地资本化(承包耕地和宅基地确权)、土地集约化和种植业企业化改造的推进[1],大批规模化种植业主的涌现,育种研究成果(新品种权)“公益性分享”的市场需要将逐步下降,“应用性竞争”的市场需求将随之快速上升。……
