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两宋洛阳与临安私家园林对比

2018-05-14王珊郭建慧邵华美

安徽农业科学 2018年20期

王珊 郭建慧 邵华美

摘要 北宋洛阳与南宋临安私家园林存在诸多不同点。以两地私家园林的代表富郑公园和南园为主要实例,先从自然条件、人文传统、政治环境三方面分析其造园背景的不同;再从社会风尚、审美观念对比其营造思想的差别;最后从掇山置石、园林理水、建筑布局、植物造景四方面阐述其园林风貌的差异。

关键词 洛阳私家园林;临安私家园林;富郑公园;南园

中图分类号 S-09 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2018)20-0232-05

Abstract There are many differences in the private gardens between Luoyang of the Northern Song Dynasty and Linan of the Southern Song Dynasty. Taking Fuzheng Garden and Nan Garden, which are respectively the representatives of the private gardens in Luoyang and Linan, as a prime example, this paper first analyzed the differences in their background of garden making from the three aspects of natural condition, humanistic tradition and political environment; then it compared the differences in their architectural thought in terms of social customs and aesthetic ideas; and finally it elaborated the differences in their style and feature from the four aspects of hill making and stone arrangement, water system layout, architectural composition and plant landscaping.

Key words Private gardens in Luoyang;Private gardens in Linan;Fuzheng Garden;Nan Garden

“华夏民族之文化,历数千载之演进,造极于赵宋之世”[1]。宋代政治、经济、文化的发展把园林推向了成熟的境地,同时也促成了造园的繁荣局面[2]。北宋的西京洛阳是汉唐旧都,历代名园荟萃之地,为当时私家园林营造的代表,有“天下名园重洛阳”[3]之称;而宋室南渡后,临安作为南宋的“行在”和江南最大的城市,“园池声伎服玩之丽甲天下”[4],其私家园林的盛况比之北宋的洛阳犹有过之[2]。但是,两宋洛阳与临安私家园林在造园背景、营造思想方面的差异,也使得两地私家园林表现出不同的风貌,故在此加以比较。又由于两宋故园已不可见,在此选取园主身份背景相近、史料文献记载较多的洛阳富郑公园与临安南园为代表,作为主要实例进行对比分析,以管窥当年之盛景。

1 造园背景

两宋洛阳与临安私家园林的繁盛,皆依托各自优越的自然地理条件、深厚的人文历史传统、适宜的现实政治环境而营造,故两地私家园林的造园背景存在差异。……

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