孙士平 唐丹梅

[摘要] 问题式教学法（PBL）可以根据病情的实际状况，并密切联系临床操作，探索有效的处理策略，以增强学生发现、判断与处理问题的水平，调动其参与的热情。问题式带教将眼科中较为多见的典型病例作为带教引用案例。医院眼科带教效果评价形式是随机进行问卷统计、理论考评和临床考评等。问题式教学法能够促进学生之间的交流与协作，提高学生的语言表达能力，加深理解与记忆。医院眼科问题式教学法具有的主要优势是问题式教学既可调动学生参与带教的热情，还可以锻炼其综合判断与独立思索的能力。该教学法将学生看作主体，有利于拓展其视野，以及加强创新意识；促使其主动地参与到带教之中；而且该法在实际中运用较为灵活，有利于增强学生的鉴别以及口头表述能力。在眼科实行问题式带教时，带教教师需事先设计适宜的问题，要确保问题能够联系到临床，以便引其兴趣，愿意主动的探究，并注重引领所有带教环节，监督学生的讨论，并纠正其错误，确保带教过程顺利的实施。

[关键词] 问题式教学法；眼科带教；实习带教

[中图分类号] R-4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2018）01（c）-0105-02

Research on Application of Problem-based Learning in the Practice Teaching in the Department of Ophthalmology

SUN Shi-ping，TANG Dan-mei

Department of Ophthalmology， Changchun Yinuo Ophthalmologic Hospital， Changchun， Jilin Province， 130000 China

[Abstract] The PBL can explore the effective treatment strategies to enhance the discovery， determination and treatment levels of students and motivate the participation enthusiasm according to the practical conditions of diseases， using the common typical cases in the department of ophthalmology as examples， and the teaching effect evaluation forms in the hospital are the random questionnaire statistics， theoretical evaluation and clinical evaluation， and the PBL can promote the communication and cooperation of students， and improve the students language expression ability and deepen the understanding and memory， and the major advantages of the PBL are that it can motivate the participation enthusiasm of students， but also improve the comprehensive determination and independent thinking abilities， and the method is conducive to broadening their visions， enhancing the innovation awareness and promoting the active participation， and the method in the practice is flexible， which is conducive to enhancing the students differential and oral expression abilities， and the teachers should design the proper problems in advance to ensure the issues related to clinic， thus drawing peoples interests， and we should pay attention to leading all teaching links， supervising the students discussion， correcting their mistakes， and ensuring the successful implementation in the teaching course.

[Key words] PBL； Teaching in the department of ophthalmology； Practice teaching

國外神经病方面的学者Howard Barrow在1969年推出了自行设计了问题式教学法（PBL），该教学法是在教师的带领之下，从病例或者临床中挖掘问题，然后，根据病情的实际状况，并密切联系临床操作，探索有效的处理策略，以增强学生发现、判断与处理问题的水平，调动其参与的热情[1]。……