水冷却干热岩地层的热应力模型
2018-04-21卢劲锴李络胡永鹏付文萱
卢劲锴 李络 胡永鹏 付文萱
摘 要:在干热岩钻井过程中,井壁与钻井液接触产生热作用。干热岩地层在钻井液持续冷却的条件下,由于内外温度差,在岩体内部产生极大的热应力。这对于控制井壁稳定是不利的,而对于后续水力压裂来说是有利的。通过建立模型的方法来评估和了解这种热应力的分布和变化规律。由在热作用影响范围内的温度的数学模型,分析得到温度变化的规律。同时根据弹性力学中平面轴对称热应力问题的基本解,建立了径向和切向热应力的数学模型,从而分析得到热应力随位置和时间的变化规律。
关键词:干热岩;热应力;弹性力学;数学模型
中图分类号:P314 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2018)10-0026-03
Abstract: During dry-hot rock drilling, the contact between borehole lining and drilling fluid produces thermal effect. Under the condition of continuous cooling of drilling fluid, the dry hot rock formation produces great thermal stress in the rock mass due to the difference of internal and external temperature. This is unfavorable for controlling wellbore stability and favorable for subsequent hydraulic fracturing. The distribution and variation of the thermal stress are evaluated and understood by establishing a model. Based on the mathematical model of temperature in the range of thermal effect, the law of temperature change is obtained. At the same time, according to the basic solution of plane axisymmetric thermal stress in elastic mechanics, the mathematical model of radial and tangential thermal stress is established, and the variation law of thermal stress with position and time is obtained.
Keywords: dry hot rock; thermal stress; elastic mechanics; mathematical model
引言
隨着我国经济的迅猛发展,能源需求量与日俱增。干热岩(Hot Dry Rock,简称HDR)型地热能作为一种绿色可再生的新型能源近年来受到社会的广泛关注。干热岩所处的地层一般为坚花岗岩地层,具有完整坚硬、致密低渗的特点。为使地下换热面积增大,人们采取在干热岩地层中制造增强型地热系统(EGS)的方法,来更加有效利用干热岩地层所储存的热能。增强型地热系统是通过水力压裂的方法来使两个(或更多)井体之间的裂隙贯通。干热岩所处的地层温度一般为200-300°C,甚至更高。井壁接触循环钻井液时迅速降温,井壁到围岩的区间产生温度差,这将会使井壁附近一定范围内的干热岩地层产生巨大的热应力。因此,建立一个数学模型来衡量其产生的热应力具有重要意义。……
