雾霾治理中多利益主体间的博弈分析
2018-03-31尹龙
[摘 要] 近年来中国经济发展与环境问题的冲突日益严峻,雾霾天肆虐我国各大城市,雾霾严重影响了社会经济发展和人们的身体健康。通过对雾霾治理过程中中央政府、地方政府、工业企业及城镇居民四个利益主体进行分析,运用博弈理论对其建立博弈模型,对各利益主体间的博弈问题进行讨论,结合雾霾治理过程中的难点,提出建立中央政府统筹治理模式,提升地方政府雾霾治理积极性,转变经济发展方式引导企业低碳生产,以及倡导人人参与形成良好环保氛围等雾霾治理的有效对策,为雾霾治理提供一定的参考。
[关键词] 雾霾治理;利益主体;博弈;对策
[中图分类号] X513 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-6043(2018)03-0109-03
Abstract: In recent years, the conflict between China's economic development and environmental problems is becoming increasingly serious. Haze has seriously affected the social and economic development and people's health in many large cities. Through the analysis of four stakeholders of the haze governance process, including the central government, local governments, enterprises and urban residents, with the establishment of a game model based on the game theory, the four stakeholders are discussed. Considering the difficulties in haze governance process, countermeasures are proposed: to establish a central government governance mode, to improve the enthusiasm of local government on haze governance, to guide enterprises to change the mode of economic development with low carbon production, and to call for a good environmental protection atmosphere of haze governance with everyone's participation, so as to provide a reference for the haze governance.
Key words: haze governance, stakeholders, game, countermeasure
一、引言
近年来我国工业化、城镇化进程不断加速发展,资源的有效集中为城市居民带来了丰富的物质产品或服务。然而,由于工业的集聚、人口的密集和繁重的城市交通给城市环境造成了严重的破坏,尤其是空气污染。在工业排放、居民生活、汽车尾气等因素的共同影响下,城市空气中的污染物严重超出了正常水平,形成了严重的雾霾。
自2013年以来我国各地不断出现大规模的雾霾天气,且覆盖范围出现逐年扩大的趋势。京津冀地区是我国雾霾的重灾区,每年出现雾霾的天气多达100余天。似乎形成了一个自然规律,冬天一到中国东北、华北等地必然出现雾霾。2016年冬天最严重的一次雾霾覆盖了全国17个省,超过国土面积的1/6,其中71个城市出现重度污染,24个城市空气污染指数爆表,范围之大时间之长,令人担忧。……
