李萌+于微

[摘要] 目的 探讨个性化延续护理干预对高血压脑出血患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。 方法 选取2015年12月～2016年9月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院进行治疗的高血压脑出血患者86例，按抽签顺序分为两组，每组各43例。对照组给予常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上给予个性化延续护理干预。比较两组患者的血压情况及并发症发生情况。采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）对患者的心理状态进行评估。采用独立生活能力量表对患者的生活能力进行评估。 结果 干预后观察组收缩压、舒张压、并发症发生率、SDS和SAS评分明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。干预后观察组括约肌控制、社会认知功能、交流能力及活动能力评分明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），两组患者生活自理能力评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 个性化延续护理干预可有效控制高血压脑出血患者的血压水平，改善患者焦虑、抑郁情绪，降低并发症发生率，提高独立生活能力。

[关键词] 个性化延续护理；高血压；脑出血；焦虑、抑郁

[中图分类号] R47 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2017）12（b）-0155-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the influences of personalized continuation nursing intervention on anxiety and depression in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods From December 2015 to September 2016， 86 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated in Harbin Medical University were divided into two groups according to the draw order， with 43 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing care and the observation group received personalized continuation nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing care. The blood pressure and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. The depression self-rating scale （SDS） and anxiety self-rating scale （SAS） were used to assess the psychological status of the patients. The independent living ability score were compared between the two groups. Results After intervention， the levels of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure， the incidence of complications， scores of SDS and SAS in the observation group were all lower than those of control group， with statistically significant difference （P < 0.05）. After intervention， the score of sphincter control， social cognitive function， communication ability and activity ability in the observation group were significantly higher than those of control group， with statistically significant differences （P < 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the score of self-care ability between the two groups （P > 0.05）. Conclusion Personalized continuous care intervention can effectively reduce the blood pressure of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage， relieve anxiety and depression， reduce the incidence of complications and promote independent living ability.

[Key words] Personalized continuation care； Hypertension； Cerebral hemorrhage； Anxiety； Depression

高血壓脑出血是指由高血压引发的脑实质出血。长期的动脉硬化和高血压引发的颅内小动脉破裂出血，是脑实质出血发生的主要原因。高血压脑出血发病率、致残率及死亡率均较高[1]，具有病程长、恢复慢等特点，且多为不可逆改变，可造成患者严重脑功能障碍。在疾病过程中，患者的焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪，又可加重病情发展。有关资料显示[2-3]，采取有效的护理措施促进患者身心健康的恢复是康复的关键[4]。个性化延续护理干预是从医院到家庭的延伸服务，可以帮助患者有效面对出院后遇到的健康问题，同时也有助于患者从医院安全转至家庭[5]。……