NLRP3与心血管系统疾病相关性的研究
2018-01-21杜清孙经武蒋双强
杜清 孙经武 蒋双强
【摘要】心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVD)是世界范围内的主要死亡原因,在工业化国家发病率很高,已经严重威胁到人类的身体健康,有研究表明,炎症反应和自身免疫在心血管疾病中起到非常重要的作用[1]。NLRP3作为目前结构和功能最明确的炎症体,是炎性体的核心炎性小体,其活化后可促进IL-1β及IL-18等分泌,从而导致多种心血管系统疾病的发生。本综述探讨NLRP3炎性小体的激活及与动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭、心脏缺血再灌注的关联性,从而为心血管系统疾病的治疗提出新的靶点与思路。
【关键词】NLRP3炎性小体;动脉粥样硬化;心力衰竭;心脏缺血再灌注
【中图分类号】R541 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】ISSN.2095.6681.2018.32..02
【Abstract】Cardiovascular diseases (cardiovascular diseases, CVD) are the main causes of death worldwide. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is very high in industrialized countries, which has seriously threatened human health. Some studies have shown that inflammatory reactions and autoimmunity play a very important role in cardiovascular diseases[1].NLRP3,as the most clearly defined inflammatory body in its structure and function, is the core inflammasome of the inflammatory body. After its activation, it can promote the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, thus leading to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This review examines the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its association with atherosclerosis, heart failure,and ischemia reperfusion,thus providing new targets and ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
【Key words】NLRP3 inflammasomes; atherosclerosis;Heart failure;Cardiac ischemia reperfusion
1 NLRP3炎性小体的概述
1.1 NLRP3炎性小体的构成
NLRP炎症小体亚家族有NLRP1-NLRP14共计14个成员。主要有NLRP1、NLRP3、NLRC4、AIM2和BIG-I等炎症小体。NLRP3作为NLR家族的核心小体,它由NOD样受体蛋白3(Nod-likereceptor protein,NLRP3)凋亡相关微粒蛋白(Apoptosis-associat speck-like protein containing CARD,ASC)和caspase-1组成的高分子蛋白复合物[2]。其结构主要由三部分构成:(1)C端亮氨酸重复结构域(leucine-rich repeats,LRRs),其作用是识别PAMP(病原相关分子模式)和DAMP(危险相关分子模式),其为NLRP3的功能调节发挥重要作用。(2)N端热蛋白结构域(包括PYD、CARD、BIR),其能够介导下游信号传导;(3)中心核苷酸寡聚结构域(nucleoside triphosphatase do-main,NACHT),此为NLR家族的核心结构域[3]。
1.2 NLRP3的激活途径
NLRP3在正常静息状态具有自我调节功能。当机体受到细菌、病毒及真菌核酸,胆固醇、尿酸盐等晶體物质,ATP及β-淀粉样蛋白等多种内源性及外源性的信号刺激时,此时NLRP3可被激活,激活后的NLRP3氨基端热蛋白结构域与ASC互相作用,ASC的CARD募集形成Caspase-1的前体[4]。这……
