农林院校创新创业教育体系研究与实践
2018-01-03张永平贾俊刚赵长江
张永平 贾俊刚 赵长江
摘 要 创新创业教育作为一种全新的教育理念和教育实践,是我国高等教育发展的新趋势和新需求。农林院校在全面推进创新创业教育的实践中,正确理解其内涵及特征、理性分析其面临的困境、科学规划其实施路径,能够卓有成效地加快其进程,提高创新创业人才培养的质量,为创新型国家建设做出应有贡献。
关键词 创新创业 协同培养 特色发展
中图分类号:G642 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.10.081
Research and Practice on Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Education System in Agricultural and Forestry Colleges
ZHANG Yongping[1], JIA Jungang[2], ZHAO Changjiang[2]
([1] Library of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;
[2] Teaching Development Center of Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100)
Abstract As a new educational concept and educational practice, innovation and entrepreneurship education is a new trend and new demand for the development of higher education in China. In the practice of comprehensively promoting innovation and entrepreneurship education, agricultural and forestry colleges correctly understand its connotation and characteristics, rationally analyze its dilemmas, and scientifically plan its implementation path, and can effectively accelerate its progress and improve the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship training, the country's construction has made due contributions.
Keywords innovation and entrepreneurship; co-cultivation; characteristics development
1 農林院校创新创业教育的内涵要义
科学清晰地界定和理清创新创业教育内涵,辩证地分析内涵要素之间的逻辑关系,是指导和规范高校创新创业教育实践的关键。学术界对创新创业教育的理解和界定,通常有广义狭义说、量变质变说、个体本位说、社会本位说,可谓是仁者见仁、智者见智,众说纷纭,甚至有学者认为创新创业教育是一个高度模糊的大概念。长期以来,对创新创业内涵要素认识的偏颇,很大程度上造成了高校创新创业实践层面的误区。根据学术界对创新创业教育内涵的认识,我国的创新创业教育应不断适应经济、社会和国家发展战略的需要,以培养学生的创新精神、创业意识和创新能力为核心,注重实践,激发学生创造力、创新力的教育活动。在这里有几个关系需要厘清。
1.1 创新创业教育需要厘清的三种关系
创新和创业的关系。美国创业教育之父杰弗里·蒂蒙斯指出:“如果把创业比作美国经济的发动机,那么创新就是此发动机的汽缸,它带动了重要新发明和新技术的诞生。……
