河南 庞先庆 张义军

高中英语读写一体化课堂实践

河南 庞先庆 张义军

下面结合“七选五”型阅读理解和概要写作课堂设计为例，探讨如何实现英语文本读写技能融合。

【材料来源】

http://www.wikihow.com/Protect-Your-Eyes-when-Using-a-Computer

http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/good-eyesight

http://learnwithmontina.com/5-ways-how-to-maintaingood-eye-health/

【教学文本】

阅读以下短文，根据要求完成短文后的读写任务。

新鲜度★★★★★ 难度★★☆☆☆话题 健康关键词eyesight体裁 说明文 短文词数 268 建议时间 6 正确率 /5

Nowadays most people have bad eyesight. Don’t take your eyes for granted. Here are some tips to protect your eyesight.

★Eat for good vision.

Protecting your eyes starts with the food on your plate.Nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E may help avoid vision problems.You can choose green vegetables, eggs,beans and other non-meat protein sources.

★Wear sunglasses for good vision.

★Quit smoking.

Smoking makes you more likely to getcataracts, optic nerve damage, and macular degeneration. If you’ve tried to quit smoking before and started smoking again, keep trying.The more times you try to quit smoking, the more likely you are to succeed.

Staring at a computer screen can cause so many problems:dry eyes，headaches and neck，back and shoulder pain. To protect your eyes, you can position your computer so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor. This allows you to look slightly down at the screen. Try to avoid glare on your computer from windows and lights. Use an anti-glare screen if needed. Every 5 minutes, rest your eyes by looking 5 feet away for 5 seconds.

★Visit your eye doctor regularly.

Everyone, even young children, should get their eyes examined regularly.They can also find some eye diseases, such asglaucoma. The earlier the diseases are found,the easier they are to be treated.

【Word Bank】glaucoman.青光眼 cataractsn.白内障

【课堂设计分析】

此题要求根据所给短文进行读写一体化课堂实践。课堂实践时，需采用合理步骤，以确保顺利完成读写任务。本文可遵循以下思路和步骤进行写作教学设计：

一、篇章解读

整体阅读可知，本文是一则说明文，文章主旨大意为“Tips to Protect Your Eyesight”，主要向读者介绍了保护视力的几种方法。第一段的前两句话是本文的起引段落，点明文章话题；接着通过过渡句“Here are some tips to protect your eyesight.”引出以下五个段落，向读者具体介绍了保护视力的几种方法或注意事项。其思维导图如下：

二、 阅读理解

根据以上短文内容，从下面选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A. Eye exams help you protect your sight and see your best.

B. Use safety eyewear.

C. Look away from the computer for good eye health.

D. The right kind of sunglasses will help protect your eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

E. Regularly eating nutritious foods can help lead to good eye health.

F. Wear glasses when examined under the guidance of your doctor.

G. At least every two hours, get up and take a 15-minute break.

1. __________ 2.___________ 3.___________ 4. __________ 5._____

［答案解析］

1. E 段落小标题 “Eat for good vision.”意为“吃出好视力”，选项E意为“定期吃有营养的食物可以促进视力健康”，由此可知选项E符合题意。

2. D 选项D中的 “sunglasses”与小标题 “Wear sunglasses for good vision.”相呼应，故选D。

3. C 选项C中的 “the computer”与下文的 “Staring at a computer screen can cause so many problems: dry eyes,headaches and neck, back and shoulder pain.”的内容相呼应，故选C项。

4. G 空白处前面的“Every 5 minutes, rest your eyes by looking 5 feet away for 5 seconds” 意为“每隔5分钟，把目光移到5英尺远的地方，休息5分钟”， 选项G意为“至少每两个小时就要站起来并且休息15分钟”。可知该选项与上文意义一致。

5. A 选项A中的关键信息 “Eye exams”与上文的 “get their eyes examined regularly”在意义上一致。故此处选A项。

［误解分析］因为A和D两个选项中都包含“protect”这个词，会造成语境理解错误，此处容易误选D项。

［难句分析］

原文：To protect your eyes, you can position your computer so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor.

译文：为了保护你的眼睛，你可以决定电脑的位置，这样你的眼睛就与显示器齐平。

分析：you can position your computer是主句，不定式短语To protect your eyes在主句中作目的状语；so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor是so that引导的结果状语从句。

三、语句练习

根据上面阅读短文中出现过的短语和表达方式，完成下面的句子。

1.妈妈总是早早地准备早餐以便我能按时上学。

Mother is always ready for breakfast early ___________ I can go to school on time.

2. 我们越愤怒就越有可能去接近让我们愤怒的事物。

_____we are,____________ we are to move towards the object of our anger.

3. 不要想当然地认为那些入学考试获得好成绩的人是最成功的。

Don’t ____________ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.

4.句子的第一个词应以大写字母开头。

The first word of a sentence should____________ a capital letter.

5. 通常情况下,紧张的时候做一下深呼吸是一个不错的主意。

Generally speaking, ____________ take a deep breath when you are nervous.

【答案】

1. so that 2. The angrier；the more likely 3. take it for granted 4.start with 5. it’s a good idea to

四、读后写作

阅读上面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

［写作指导］

审题分析

从写作素材看，这是一篇说明文，本篇作文必须涉及下面几个要点：

1.内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性；

2.时态的正确使用，一般现在时和一般将来时相结合；

3.阐述理由时要合理，要有一定的说服力。

思路点拨

这篇作文可从以下三点入手：

1.引出话题：视力问题存在的普遍性；

2.承上启下：采取措施对视力保护的重要性；

3.视力保护措施：合理饮食；佩戴太阳镜；戒烟；远离电脑屏幕；定期检查。

［高分范文］

There is no denying that nowadays most people have a problem with their eyesight. (要点1) Some measures to take can be important for your eyesight protection. (要点2)First, besides wearing sunglasses for good vision, you had better eat nutritious foods, which can improve eye health. (要点3,4) ① Second, quitting smoking and looking away from the computer will be good for eye health. (要点5) Of course,regular eye exams help a lot, which can prevent some eye diseases from happening. (要点 6) ②(67 words)全文除使用have a problem with（在……方面有问题或困难），take measures（采取措施），be good for（对……有好处），prevent ...from... （阻止……做……或阻止某事的发生）等高级词语外，还应用了以下句式：①句子开头的顺序词first保证了说明的条理性和行文的层次性；句子使用了There is no denying that...②本句含有which引导的非限制性定语从句。

高分揭秘

这篇作文紧紧围绕“视力保护”展开事理性说明，说明中注意到了语句的完整性，表达用词和语法结构的多样化，并且注意到了上下文的衔接和过渡，较好地完成了概要写作任务。

1.用词方面，本文使用了have a problem with，take measures，be good for，prevent...from...，protection，nutritious，improve，quit，had better，smoking，look away from，disease等词语。

2.语法和句式灵活，使用了There is no denying that+从句，定语从句，动名词短语作主语等。

3.本题满分25分，本范文得分21分。

［学生例文］

Nowadays most people have a problem of their eyesight.(要点1) So take measures can be important for your eyesight protection. (要点2) First, besides wearing sunglasses, you had better eat nutritious foods, that can improve eye health. (要点3,4)Second, give up smoking and looking away from the computer will be good for eye health. (要点5) Of course, regular eye exams can prevent some eye diseases. (要点6) (58 words)

失误诊断

1.词汇使用错误：have a problem of their eyesight中的of应改为with，固定词组have a problem with意为“在……方面有问题或困难”。

2.语法使用错误：（1）take measures中的take应改为taking，或在其前面加上不定式符号to，因为这里应该是非谓语形式作主语，而动词原形不能用来作主语。同理，give up应改为giving up或to give up。（2）that can improve eye health中的that应改为which, which可以引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能。

【教学总结】

“阅读”和“写作”不仅是高中英语学习中最为关键的两个环节，更是高考英语试卷全面评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型。阅读是写作的基础，读和写是相辅相成的。英语学习中，既要加强阅读教学，又要加强读写联系，做到读写渗透，读写结合。通过读写一体化课堂实践，达到以读促写、以写促读，从而提高学生的语言感悟能力和表达能力。

河南省镇平县雪枫中学）