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“两票制”改革背景下医药第三方物流完善建议

2017-08-18苏丽文柳鹏程

上海医药 2017年15期

苏丽文+柳鹏程

摘 要 目的:通过对医药第三方物流企业配送效率進行研究,为两票制推行后保证药品的可及性提供建议。方法:采用委托代理模型,研究了影响物流效率的若干个因素,并将模型变量与医药物流实际因素结合,得出基于行业特点的政策建议。结果:第三方物流公司应与流通公司确立一个适合的风险分担值,且引入外部可观测变量(信息系统、飞检结果公开等)能减少代理的风险。结论:通过增强信息透明度、增加市场化程度、引入第三方监管,可以进一步披露企业努力程度,增加医药第三方物流企业的配送效率。

关键词 两票制 委托代理 药品流通 第三方物流

中图分类号:R951; F713.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)15-0061-04

Optimization of the third-party logistics under the “two-invoice system” in China*

SU Liwen**, LIU Pengcheng***

(School of International Pharmaceutical Buisness, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To provide a proposal for ensuring the availability of drugs after the implementation of the twoinvoice system by the study on the distributive efficiency of pharmaceutical third-party logistics enterprises. Methods: Several factors influencing the logistics efficiency were studied by using the principal-agent model in game theory, and the policy suggestions based on the characteristics of the industry were proposed by the model variables combined with the actual factors of pharmaceutical logistics. Results: The third-party logistics companies should establish a suitable risk-sharing value with the circulation company, and the introduction of external observable variables can reduce the risk of agents. Conclusion: The extent of business efforts can be further disclosed by enhancing the transparency of information, increasing the degree of marketization and introducing the third-party supervision so as to increase the distributive efficiency of the third-party logistics business.

KEY WORDS principal-agent model; pharmaceutical industry; two-invoice system; third-party logistics

2016年4月,国务院常务会议明确提出在医药流通行业推行两票制,试图提高药品流通效率,提升流通行业的集中度和竞争力,最终达到降低虚高药价的目的。但该制度增大了流通公司的配送压力,基层医疗机构的药品可及性可能受到影响。传统的三级配送制度很好解决了边远和农村地区等小型医疗点的药品需求,但两票制后,三级配送末端的小型流通公司面临生存压力,大型公司接手又因为配送品种多、配送总量小、配送时效要求高等性质而导致成本过高[1],面临利润和效率的双低下。此时,第三方医药物流可以很好地解决这一问题。大型流通企业将配送任务外包给第三方物流公司,利用他们的基层布局提高自己的配送效率。……

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