肝细胞癌诊治的研究进展
2017-08-18胡捷王征周俭
胡捷+王征+周俭
摘 要 肝细胞癌是临床上最常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤类型之一,世界上半数以上的肝细胞癌发生在我国,因此提高肝细胞癌诊治水平意义重大。随着对肝细胞癌研究的深入,发现了一些新的肝细胞癌分子标志物。肝细胞癌手术治疗正同时向“微创”和“巨创”方向发展,而分子靶向和免疫治疗也已或有望成为肝细胞癌的新的有效治疗手段。本文概要介绍近年来肝细胞癌诊治的研究进展。
关键词 肝细胞癌 诊断 治疗
中图分类号:R735.7; R730.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)15-0003-05
Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma*
HU Jie, WANG Zheng, ZHOU Jian**
(Institution of Liver Cancer, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers in clinic and more than half of HCC patients in the word occur in China. Therefore, it is important to improve the level for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Some new tumor markers have been discovered and explored with the in-depth study on hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has been developed toward the “minimally invasive” and “giant invasive” direction while molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become or are expected to be a new effective measure for the treatment of HCC. This article briefly introduces the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
KEY WORDS hepatocellular carcinoma; diagnosis; treatment
原發性肝癌是我国常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤类型之一,是我国发病率第4和死亡率第3的恶性肿瘤类型[1]。在原发性肝癌中,肝细胞癌占85% ~ 90%,因此下文以略语“肝癌”指代肝细胞癌。肝癌的恶性程度高,虽然近半个世纪来在肝癌的诊治方面出现了一些新技术和新手段,但是肝癌患者的5年总生存率仍徘徊在3% ~ 5%间[2]。近年来随着对肝癌研究的进一步深入,发现了一些新的肝癌分子标志物,也发展了一些新的肝癌内、外科治疗手段。本文概要介绍近年来肝癌诊治的研究进展。
1 肝癌的诊断
肝癌诊断目前主要依靠3种手段:影像学检查、肝穿刺活组织检查和肝癌分子标志物。
1.1 影像学检查
超声检查简便、无创,是目前临床上最常用的肝脏影像学检查方法,而超声造影术在鉴别和诊断肝癌的良、恶性方面具有较普通超声检查更高的准确度。腹部CT除用于肝癌诊断外,更多用于肝癌局部治疗的疗效评估。……
