中式凉菜多味苦瓜的最佳食用时限研究
2017-08-13吴丹枫张明张元嵩史云娇
吴丹枫 张明 张元嵩 史云娇



摘要[目的] 研究4 ℃冷藏时自制凉菜多味苦瓜微生物菌群构成和卫生质量控制技术。[方法]以苦瓜为主料,加入葱、泡红辣椒、豆瓣酱、香醋等调配料经拌匀制成多味苦瓜,分析其细菌数来源。[结果]凉菜中细菌有86.51%来自豆瓣酱,6.98%来自葱,5.30%来自苦瓜,0.92%来自泡红辣椒,对苦瓜、葱、姜进行2 min热烫处理,大蒜进行3 min热烫处理,对泡红辣椒、豆瓣酱进行高压灭菌20 min处理后,减菌率分别为97.5%、99.7%、97.9%、99.9%、99.8%和99.9%。该类食品中的优势菌为假单胞菌和乳酸菌,在4 ℃放置的保质期由3 d增至5 d,表明其具有应用价值。[结论]研究可为中式凉菜的卫生质量控制提供参考。
关键词多味苦瓜;菌落总数;保质期;食品安全
中图分类号TS255.36文献标识码
A文章编号0517-6611(2017)17-0076-03
Abstract[Objective] To study the microflora constitutes of homemade cold dish at 4 ℃ cold storage and the quality control technology of health.[Method] With balsam pear as the main material,adding onions,bubble red pepper,broad bean sauce,vinegar and other seasonings and mixing well to obtain multi tastebitter gourd.Sources of the bacteria number were analyzed.[Result] It indicates that 86.51% from broad bean sauce,6.98% from onion,5.30% from bitter gourd,0.92% from bubble red pepper,2 minutes heat treatment for bitter gourd,onion and ginger,3 minutes heat treatment for garlic and 20 minutes high pressure sterilization for bubble red pepper and broad bean sauce.Bacteria reduction rate was 97.5%,99.7%,97.9%,99.9%,99.8% and 99.9%.The dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas,and the shelf life was increased from 3 d to 5 d at 4 ℃,which indicated that it has applied value.[Conclusion] The study can provide reference for sanitary quality control of Chinese cold dishes.
Key wordsMulti flavor bitter gourd;Total number of colonies;Shelf life;Food safety
作者簡介吴丹枫(1993—),女,江苏扬州人,硕士研究生,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学。
收稿日期2017-03-29
我国作为发展中国家,面临的食源性疾病挑战不容小觑。凉菜作为我国宴席和人民饮食生活中不可缺少的一类菜品,为我国烹饪文化中的一项重要内容。餐饮行业凉菜大多是提前制备好,食用时直接装盘上桌给客人享用,且不再进行加工处理,这使得凉菜极易受微生物污染,引发食源性疾病,对消费者健康造成危害[1]。
研究表明,食源性疾病暴发的五大因素:不正确的保藏温度,烹饪操作方法不当,设备的污染,原料污染和不正确的个人卫生。这些因素直接影响食品卫生,如果食品操作能够遵循正确的方法,这些不正确的操作就会避免,大大提高食品安全[2-4]。……
