杜建军　罗琳

摘要：目的：探讨不同性别中学生的自我效能、情绪管理能力和体育锻炼情绪之间区别与相关关系，以及自我效能在情绪管理能力与体育锻炼情绪之间的中介作用。方法：采用分层抽样法，抽取济南市某寄宿中学289名初、高中男、女学生作为研究对象，进行自我效能、情绪管理能力、体育锻炼情绪量表的测定。结果：1）男生“人际交流”“身体健康”“情绪效能”“活力激发”生理疲惫”“积极投入”“寻求外界支持”“控制消极暗示能力”维度评分高于女生；女生“理智调控情绪能力”维度评分高于男生。2）性别与情绪管理能力、自我效能和锻炼情绪呈负相关；情绪管理能力、自我效能与体育锻炼情绪呈正相关。3）自我效能在情绪管理能力与体育锻炼情绪之间存在中介效应。结论：男、女学生在体育锻炼情绪方面存在差异，但可以通过增加情绪管理能力减小这种差异，达到增强锻炼情绪的目的。加强自我效能教育可能比单纯进行情绪管理引导，对提高青少年体育锻炼情绪、增加其锻炼行为，效果更为明显和长久。

关键词：自我效能；锻炼情绪；中学生；情绪管理；中介效应

中图分类号：G804.8文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2017）04-0076-06

Abstract：Objective： To explore the difference and correlation between self-efficacy， emotional management ability and physical exercise emotion of middle school students with different genders， and the mediating effect of self-efficacy on emotion management ability and physical exercise emotion. Methods： Using stratified sampling method， 289 male and female students in a boarding middle school in Jinan were selected as the research object， and their self-efficacy， emotion management ability and physical exercise emotion were measuredby scale. Results： 1） the scoring of male students in "interpersonal communication"， "health"， "emotional performance"， "vigor"， "physical exhaustion"， "positive investment"， "seeking outside support" and "negative suggestion control ability"is higher than those of female students， and female students' "emotional regulation ability" is higher than that of male students. 2） Gender is negatively correlated with emotional management ability， self-efficacy and exercise emotion， and emotional management ability and self-efficacy are positively correlated with exercise emotion. 3） Self-efficacy has mediating effect between emotion management ability and exercise emotion. Conclusion： Male and female students have difference in physical exercise emotion， but this difference can be reduced by increasing emotional management ability， thus achieving the purpose of improving exercise mood. To strengthen self-efficacy education may be more effective and durable than the pure emotional management guidance in improving adolescent physical exercise mood， increasing their exercise behavior.

Key words： self-efficacy； exercise emotion； middle school students； emotion management； mediating effect

前言

个体情绪状态标志着个体对环境的反应以及对适应环境变化时的生物性动力状态。行为背后的情绪不仅是行为结果的表現，同时也代表某种适应的动力性因素[1]。积极的情绪和消极的情绪有着不同的社会心理功能，积极情绪具有正向作用，消极情绪具有负向影响，因此，需要对情绪进行管理，发挥积极情绪的正向功能。……