沈正赋

摘要：针对中国新闻发言人制度起步较晚，传统媒体时代的新闻发言人制度难以适应网络时代的发展需求問题，对中国新闻发言人制度的发展历程、法律规章、人物角色等进行分析，并同美国、俄罗斯等相关制度进行比较论证。研究认为，网络时代新闻发言人需要具备渊博的国内外知识，具有坚守政策底线、把握整体局面的能力，有代表官方思想、态度的角色意识和娴熟的业务素养，在此基础上能够主动应对网络虚拟社会的需要才能成为网络新闻发言人；坚持与时俱进和以人为本，是新闻发言人角色建构和制度调适需要遵循的行为逻辑与实践品质，网络新闻发言人要做到应时而变，国家层面应出台相关法律法规、注重实用性的实施细则和建立工作协商机制，各级政府应完善信息公开制度，让发言人敢发言有话说，发言人应提升自身业务素养，善于同媒体记者打交道，并探索职业化的新闻发言人发展道路。

关键词：新闻发言人；网络时代；传统媒体；话语体系；网络舆情；职业化

中图分类号：G219.2

文献标志码：A文章编号：16716248（2017）03013108

[GK-2！-2]

Role construction and system adjustment of press

spokesman in network era

SHEN Zhengfu

（School of Journalism & Communications， Anhui Normal University， Wuhu 241000， Anhui， China）

Abstract： In view of the late start of Chinese press spokesman system， the press spokesman system in the traditional media age is difficult to adapt to the development needs of the network era. Compared related systems with theUnited States and Russia， this paper analyzed the development process， legal rules and characters of Chinese press spokesman system. The results show that the press spokesman in the network era need to have a profound knowledge at home and abroad， adhere to the policy bottom line to grasp the overall situation，and have a sense of the role of official thinking， attitude and skilled business qualities. On this basis， a network news spokesman should take the initiative to deal with the needs of the network virtual society.The behavioral logic and practice of quality that the role construction and institutional adjustment of press spokesman need to follow is to adhere to the times and peopleoriented thinking.The network news spokesman should be changed on time.The national level should introduce relevant laws and regulations， pay attention to practical implementation details and establish work consultation mechanism. Governments at all levels should improve the information disclosure system， so that the spokesman dares to speak with substance. The spokesman should improve the business quality and be good at dealing with media journalists to explore professional development path of the press spokesman.

Key words： press spokesman； network news spokesman； traditional media； discourse system； network public opinion； professionalism

[GK-2！-2]

新闻发言人是新闻发布制度衍生的产物，新闻发言人代表着一级政府部门或组织，是政府部门或组织机构的代言人，通过定期或不定期召开新闻发布会，接受新闻媒体集体提问，在关键时候及时出面就有关事态发声、表态，积极回应社会关切，引导大众舆论。新闻发言人常常被誉为政策的“传声筒”、社会的“稳压器”。……