鱼豆腐加工过程中N—亚硝胺含量的动态变化
2017-07-06熊凤娇王洋马俪珍王凯丽樊晓盼杨
熊凤娇 王洋 马俪珍 王凯丽 樊晓盼 杨梅 张伯男 焦学超
摘 要:为了解原料及加工工艺对鱼糜制品中N-亚硝胺含量的影响,采用气相色谱法测定鱼豆腐原料及加工过程中N-亚硝胺(9 种)的含量,并分析其与亚硝酸盐含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(thiobarbituric acid reaction substances,TBARs)值及挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量的相关性。结果表明:鱼豆腐原料中TVB-N和亚硝酸盐的含量在加工过程中分别下降了7.6 mg/100 g和0.2 mg/100 g,TBARs值升高了0.8 mg/kg。原料中均未检出N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA),但检出了N-二乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA)(0~3.23 ?g/kg)和N-甲基乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosoethylmethylamine,NMEA)(0~8.62 ?g/kg),增味剂I+G中还含有N-亚硝基哌啶(N-nitrosopiperidine,NPIP)((6.35±0.30) ?g/kg)和
N-亚硝基吡咯烷(N-nitrosopyrrolidine,NPYR)((2.28±0.50) ?g/kg)。斩拌过程中加入脂肪使NMEA和NDEA含量增加,蒸煮和油炸后二者含量显著降低,分别为(17.76±0.50) ?g/kg和(0.10±0.00) ?g/kg,油炸后成品中检出少量NDMA((0.15±0.00) ?g/kg)。另外,NDMA和NDEA的含量与油炸温度及TVB-N含量呈正相关,NMEA含量与TBARs值呈正相关。
关键词:鱼豆腐;N-亚硝胺;挥发性盐基氮;硫代巴比妥酸反应物质;亚硝酸盐
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of raw materials and processing factors on the levels of N-nitrosamine in surimi products. The contents of nine N-nitrosamines in the raw materials for fish tofu and quantitative changes in these compounds during the processing of fish tofu were determined by gas chromatography (GC), and their correlations with nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (TBARs) and volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) were analyzed. The results showed that contents of TVB-N and nitrite in the raw materials were decreased by 7.6 and
0.2 mg/100 g, respectively after processing into fish tofu, and the content of TBARs was increased by 0.8 mg/kg. N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) (0–3.23 ?g/kg) and N-nitrosoethylmethylamine (NMEA) (0–8.62 ?g/kg) but not N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were detected in the raw materials. N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were detected at levels of 6.35 and 2.28 ?g/kg, respectively in flavor enhancer I + G. The levels of NMEA and NDEA increased with added fat during the chopping process, but decreased significantly after cooking and frying to
(17.76 ± 0.50) and (0.10 ± 0.00) ?g/kg, respectively, and a small amount of NDMA ((0.15 ± 0.00) μg/kg) was retained after frying. In addition, NDMA and NDEA were positively correlated with frying temperature and TVB-N, and NMEA was positively correlated with TBARs.
Key words: fish tofu; N-nitrosamine; TVB-N; TBARs; nitrite
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201706003
中圖分类号:TS254.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)06-0013-06
引文格式:
熊凤娇, 王洋, 马俪珍, 等. 鱼豆腐加工过程中N-亚硝胺含量的动态变化[J]. 肉类研究, 2017, 31(6): 13-18. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201706003. http://www.rlyj.pub
XIONG Fengjiao, WANG Yang, MA Lizhen, et al. Dynamic changes of N-nitrosamine content during processing of fish tofu[J]. Meat Research, 2017, 31(6): 13-18. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201706003. http://www.rlyj.pub
N-亚硝胺是世界上公认的强致癌物,在对300多种亚硝胺类化合物的检测中发现,大约90%的亚硝胺类化合物可诱发癌症[1]。人类的食物,例如水[2]、咸菜[3]、肉制品[4]中普遍存在N-亚硝胺类化合物。一般新鲜鱼肉中胺类物质含量较少,但鱼肉中蛋白质含量丰富,加工过程中蛋白质很容易分解产生胺类物质,而胺类物质易与亚硝酸盐生成N-亚硝胺。Zou等[5]发现咸鱼中的总挥发性N-亚硝胺含量为28 ?g/kg。Yurchenko等[6]对市场上部分鱼肉制品调查发现,油炸鱼中的N-亚硝胺含量最高可达8.29 ?g/kg。……
