吴玉立 谢欢庆 吴柏秋 徐晗泽宇 顾先丽

摘要以可持续生计框架为研究基础，对东江源区的农户进行调查。对参加退果还林项目的农户退果前和退果后的生计进行对比分析。结果表明：退果还林项目显著改变了当地农户的生计资本、生计行为和生计后果。参加退果还林项目后的农户拥有较多的物质资本和社会资本；增加了种植业的多样化、外出打工活动和打工收入。该研究可为科学评估退果还林工程成效提供政策建议。

关键词农户生计；可持续发展；退果还林

中图分类号S-9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）21-0234-05

Effects of Ecological Engineering of the Conversion of Orchard to Forest Program Planning on Sustainable Livelihood of Farmers

WU Yuli1， XIE Huanqing2，WU Baiqiu1 et al

（1.School of Geography and Environment，Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang，Jiangxi 330022；2.Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering College，Nanchang Institute of Technology， Nanchang，Jiangxi 330099 ）

AbstractBased on sustainable livelihoods framework，farmers in the source region of Dongjiang River was surveyed. Livelihoods before and after the implementation of the conversion of orchard to forest land of farmers who participated in the project was analyzed. The results showed that the conversion of orchard to forest program planning significantly changed the living capital， livelihood behavior and livelihood consequences of local farmers. After the implementation of the project，not only farmers had more material capital and social capital，but also improved planting diversity，increased activity and income of outmigrant for work. This paper can provide policy recommendations for scientifically evaluating the effectiveness of the project.

Key wordsFarmers livelihood；Sustainable development；The conversion of orchard to forest land

千年生態系统评估（MA）明确提出生态系统变化与人类福祉密切相关，将“生态系统与人类福祉研究”及为社会经济的可持续发展服务作为现阶段生态学研究的核心内容[1-4]。生态系统服务将人类与自然系统相连接，为改善区域生态系统服务功能，一些国家开展了大规模生态恢复工程，旨在达到环境保护和减贫的双赢目标。生态工程实施的过程中，这些项目由不同层级的政府部门主导，在初期强调生态保护的目标，一定程度上忽略了生计可持续发展的长效机制[5-6]。

国外学者利用可持续生计方法对农户生计进行大量研究。为保护脆弱的海洋生物，Masud等[7]利用可持续生计方法，研究马来西亚半岛地区生计可持续性和环境问题对海洋保护区的挑战。Bhandari[8]设计一个家庭生计转型的问卷调查，利用可持续生计方法研究尼泊尔农村地区家庭各种资本的获得在多大程度上影响家庭从农户到非农业活动的生计转型。……