内容摘要：位于丝绸之路北线中段、今甘肃省白银市境内的乌兰县，旋置旋废。始设于周武帝保定三年（562），可能废于建德六年（572）；唐武德九年（623）重置；建中四年（783），乌兰县境划归吐蕃。唐乌兰县所辖三乡，西境以白鹿烽（今景泰县上沙沃镇白墩子）为界。一乡，所辖范围即县城所在地及其附近，包括今景泰县五佛乡沿河一带，还可能包括河对岸的靖远县发裕堡及北城滩；一乡，为唐代新泉流域，靠泉水耕作的新泉绿洲（即媪围河谷绿洲区），主要为今景泰县芦阳镇辖境，包括吊沟古城一带；一乡，应即今景泰县上沙沃镇以东白墩子、大圪垯、天涝坝梁等盐泽周边地区。

关键词：丝路北道；乌兰县；白鹿烽；北城滩；新泉

中图分类号：K878.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2017）02-0101-07

Abstract： Wulan County， which was located on the middle section of the northern route of the Silk Road within todays Baiyin City in Gansu Province， and which was established and abolished several times， can be associated with the historical changes at that time to the benefit of academic research. It was first established in the third year of the Baoding er（562）during the Northern Zhou and may have been abolished in the sixth year of the Jiande era（572）. It was reestablished in the ninth year of the Wude era during the Tang dynasty and later came under Tibetan control in the fourth year of the Jianzhong era（783）. In the Tang dynasty， Wulan County bounded the“Bailu Beacon”on the west and had three seats of jurisdiction spread over three townships： one in charge of the city seat and the nearby area， mainly including the riverside area in todays Jingtai and Jingyuan； one in charge of the New Spring Oasis area irrigated by the New Spring in the Tang dynasty（todays Yunwei River oasis）， located in the modern town of Luyang in Jingtai； the third covered the salt marsh area to the east of Shawo town in todays Jingtai.

Keywords： northern route of the Silk Road； Wulan County； Bailu Beacon； Beichengtan； Xinquan

有关古代会州、会宁县、乌兰县的研究，学者着墨多矣。近年来关于乌兰县址位于今靖远县双龙乡北城滩对岸景泰县境的观点，逐渐得到了学者的认可[1-5]。笔者已撰文《乌兰县址及相关问题新探》，就乌兰县、乌兰桥、乌兰关相关问题进行了探讨{1}，但乌兰县置废的时间及背景如何，唐乌兰县三乡辖境、范围等，仍需要进一步探讨。

一 乌兰县置废

乌兰县，最早设置在北周时期。《旧唐书·地理志》载：

乌兰，后周县置，在会宁关东南四里。天授二年，移于关东北七里。[6]

《元和郡县图志》卷4载：

乌兰县（上，东南至州一百四十里）本汉祖厉县地，属安定郡，后汉属武威郡，前凉张轨收其县人于凉州故武威县侧近别置祖厉县。周武帝西巡于此置乌兰关，又置县，在会宁关东南四里。……