刘淑红　梁丽鹏　李翠芳

摘要[目的]探索实现常规棉高产的适宜施钾水平。[方法]以转基因常规棉邯棉802为试验材料，设氯化钾施肥量0（不施肥，CK）、120、180、240、300 kg/hm2共5个处理，在最佳施肥方式（基施和花铃期追施各占50%）和最佳种植密度（52 500株/hm2）条件下，研究不同施钾量对棉花黄萎病发病株率和产量的影响。[结果]邯棉802对钾肥需求十分敏感，施用钾肥能有效降低棉花黄萎病的发生程度，显著促进棉花总铃数和单铃重的增加，明显提高棉花产量，且效果均随施钾量的增加而逐渐提高。其中，施钾量≤240 kg/hm2时，不同施钾量处理的效果差异均达到了显著水平；施钾量>240 kg/hm2时，继续加大施肥水平，增效作用不再明显。[结论]该研究条件下，邯棉802的氯化钾经济施肥量为240 kg/hm2，该处理下，棉花黄萎病发病株率为15.0%，较CK降低64.29%；产量为4 630.4 kg/hm2，较CK增产35.00%。

关键词钾肥；施肥量；邯棉802；黄萎病；发病株率；产量

中图分类号S562文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2017）36-0017-02

Abstract[Objective]To explore the suitable potassium level of high yield for conventional cotton.[Method]Taking the transgenic cotton Hanmian 802 as test material， different potassium fertilizer treatments（0，120，180，240 and 300 kg/ hm2） were setted，the effects of potassium fertilizer on verticillium wilt diseased plants rate and yield of cotton were studied under the best fertilizer （base fertilizer and topdressing during the blooming period each accounted for 50%） and the optimum planting density （52 500 plants/hm2） conditions.[Result]Hanmian 802 was sensitive to demand for potassium fertilizer，potassium fertilizer can effectively reduce the occurrence degree of cotton verticillium wilt，significantly promote the total cotton boll number and boll weight，significantly increase the yield of cotton，and the effect increased with the amount of potassium increased.Among them，the amount of potassium was less than 240 kg/hm2，the different effects of different potassium treatments were significant.When potassium fertilizer > 240 kg/ hm2，continuously increase the fertilization level，the synergistic effect was not obvious.[Conclusion]Under the condition of this study，the economic fertilization amount of potassium chloride for Hanmian 802 was 240 kg/hm2，cotton verticillium wilt infection rate was 15.0%，64.29% lower than CK，the yield was 4 630.4 kg/hm2，increased by 35.00% compared with CK under the treatment.

Key wordsPotassium fertilizer； Amount of fertilization； Hanmian 802； Verticillium wilt； Rate of diseased plants； Yield

邯棉802是邯郸市农业科学院自主选育的转基因抗虫棉品种，品种特性主要表现为株型松散，株高101 cm，第一果枝节位7.1节，单株结铃16.7个，单铃重6.4 g，衣分37.7%，子指12 g，霜前花率94.6%，抗病蟲性好、后期不早衰、吐絮肥畅易采摘[1]。

钾是作物生长必需的营养元素，能够促进光合作用，还能增加作物对CO2的吸收与转化，促进体内蛋白质和纤维素的合成[2-5]。棉株体内如果缺少钾，其代谢会受到严重影响。据调查，转基因抗虫杂交棉对钾肥十分敏感且需求量大，尤其是棉花生长后期需求量更大，如果后期缺钾会导致同化产物运输不畅，叶片脱水褪色、干枯脱落，造成棉株早衰，严重减产[6-12]。实践……