2016年平凉市崆峒区小麦白粉病发生特点及防控策略
2017-05-30曹世勤何理陈杰新任根深李公平
曹世勤 何理 陈杰新 任根深 李公平

摘要:2016年小麦白粉病在甘肃省平凉市崆峒区呈中度流行,发生面积约1.87万hm2。调查发现绝大多数品种田间病級6~7级,个别品种达到9级,抗病品种相对较少。初步分析认为生产品种抗病性偏低、秋苗及春季菌源量较大、气候条件适宜是导致小麦白粉病发生流行的主要原因。强化预警系统建设、加强抗病品种(系)的筛选与应用、种子拌种及其他农业防治技术措施的集成应用及应急防治是防控崆峒区小麦白粉病发生流行的根本之策。
关键词:小麦白粉病;发生特点;防控策略;崆峒区
中图分类号:S435.121.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2017)07-0064-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2017.07.016
Abstract:Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp tritici, is one of the most diseases in wheat. It is spread about 18 700 hm2 and occurrenced middle seriously in Kongtong district, Gansu province in 2016. According to investigated the resistance of commercial wheat cultivars in field, the results showed that most cultivars are susceptible in field, and its scals are 6~7. A few wheat cultivar are super susceptible, and its scals are 9. The resistant wheat cultivars are little relatively. Analisized its reason, the results showed that cultivars are susceptible, a large amount of the pathogen in autumn and spring, favorable weather conditions in winter and spring are the key factors of epidemics. Establishing the forcasting and alarming system, planting resistance cultivars, and using effective agricultural technology, including seed coating techonlogy and agricultural techonlogy, are a strategy for controlling the powdery mildew in Kongtong district in this paper.
Key words:Wheat powdery mildew;Occurrence characteristics;Control strategy;Kongtong district
由布氏白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici Em.Marcha1)引起的小麦白粉病是发生于甘肃省及中国小麦生产上重要的真菌性气传病害,一般年份病害发生可使小麦减产5%~20%,严重年份减产可达30%以上,发病严重田块减产甚至达50%以上[1 - 2 ]。自20世纪80年代以来,随着携带黑麦血缘的1BL/1RS代换系品种在生产上占大多数,造成白粉菌优势小种15、17号毒性频率不断上升,致使生产上大面积推广种植的含有Pm8的生产品种及抗源材料抗病性“丧失”,引致小麦白粉病于1991 年在全国范围内大面积发生,产量损失超过14亿kg[1,3 ]。2010年在甘肃陇南再次大面积发生流行,产量和经济损失严重[4 ]。
从目前甘肃省小麦主要病害发生特点看,白粉病已成为继条锈病之后又一个严重威胁小麦安全生产的主要病害。虽然近年来国内在白粉病发生流行方面开展了诸多研究,但在六盘山以东的平凉市崆峒区,对小麦白粉病的研究相对较少,对其发生流行特点及其品种抗病性的研究更是少之又少。……
