玉米/大豆带状复合种植模式下减量施氮对系统产量的影响
2017-05-30牛建彪陈光荣樊廷录王立明杨如萍董博张国宏杨桂芳温健南琴霞
牛建彪 陈光荣 樊廷录 王立明 杨如萍 董博 张国宏 杨桂芳 温健 南琴霞



摘要:2016年在兰州地区不同海拔条件下,研究了玉米/大豆种植模式(玉米单作、大豆单作和玉米/大豆间作)和氮肥水平(不施氮、传统施氮和减量施氮)对作物产量的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式下的传统施氮(CN)和减量施氮(RN)间产量差异不显著。在皋兰、榆中、永登3个试验点,单作玉米在传统施氮(CN)条件下产量较高,分别为13 478.49、12 974.21、11 073.12 kg/hm2;而间作玉米在减量施氮(RN)条件下产量较高,分别是12 387.02、11 994.41、10 879.27 kg/hm2;单作大豆和间作大豆均在减量施氮(RN)条件下产量最高;玉米/大豆间作系统的总产量均以减量施氮(RN)条件下最高,分别是14 024.07、13 533.68、12 306.86 kg/hm2。可见,减量施氮下的玉米/大豆复合种植模式的系统产量并未降低,而氮肥利用效率显著提高,适宜在该区域大面积推广。
关键词:玉米/大豆间作;减量施氮;产量;海拔
中图分类号:S513;S565.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2017)07-0037-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2017.07.010
Abstract:Corn/soybean intercropping pattern is widely adopted in different altitudes in Lanzhou city. Whereas the traditional fertilized measures used by farmers are not good for high yield of corn/soybean intercropping system. In order to get high yield for both corn and soybean in this system,a field experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of the system crop yield in 2016. The experiment includes three planting patterns (corn mono cropping, soybean mono cropping and corn/soybean intercropping) and three rates of N fertilizer application, CK, the conventional N application (CN) and the reduced amount of N application (RN). The result indicates that there is no significant difference between CN and RN of yield for different cropping system, for the corn mono cropping, the yields of CN are highest, which are 13 478.49 kg/hm2, 12 974.21 kg/hm2 and 11 073.12 kg/hm2, respectively. For the intercropping corn the yields of RN are highest, which are 12 387.02 kg/hm2, 11 994.41 kg/hm2 and 10 879.27 kg/hm2, respectively. For the mono soybean or intercropping soybean, the yields of CN are highest, and the yields of corn/soybean intercropping are highest either, which are 14 024.07 kg/hm2, 13 533.68 kg/hm2 and 12 306.86 kg/hm2. Therefore, reduced amount of N application for this intercropping system could increase the crop yield per unit area greatly, which could be extended at large scale.
Key words: Corn/soybean;Reduced amount of N application;Yield;Altitudes
中國是世界上最大的氮肥生产和消费国,对全球氮肥产量和用量增长的贡献分别达61%和52%。中国以全球10%的土地资源、21%的灌溉面积养活20%的人口,并不断提高生活水平的关键在于氮肥、地膜、间套作等配套技术的有效实施[1 - 3 ]。但目前中国氮肥消费量超过作物最高产量需求量,农业系统中的氮肥盈余对环境的影响逐步显现。据第一次全国污染源普查公告,水体污染物中总氮的57%来自于农业,农田土壤pH下降0.5个单位,其中60%以上的贡献来自于氮肥;全国大气氮沉降增长了60%,也与氮肥有关[4 - 6 ]。因此,尽快转变发展观念,充分利用各种氮素来源,实现氮肥投入与作物需求匹配,在发挥氮肥增产作用的同时努力减少环境污染是当务之急。……
