境取幽深 情况高哲
2017-05-20高飞
关键词: 萧云从;诗画;批判意味;隐逸色彩
摘要: 萧云从身为明末遗民,诗学、画学兼擅,一生创作了许多代表性的诗文和绘画,并以“境取幽深,情况高哲”的独特的美学境界,被后世瞩目。萧云从的诗往往因充满故实而多显晦涩,实情却饱含了他对乱世的愤激与批判;他的画也同样表露出一个文人伤时感事的哀怨之容,以致他决意分裂凡俗,遁迹世外,在宽容无尽的大自然里讨生活,或优游山林,或观照云壑,沉醉于隐逸的情境里。
中图分类号: I 207.2J 205文献标志码: A文章编号: 10012435(2017)03038009
Key words: Xiao Yuncong; poems and paintings;critical meaning;seclusion
Abstract: As an adherent of the Ming Dynasty,Xiao Yuncong was versatile in terms of poetry and painting,and received the descendants' worship for the unique Aesthetic realm of “deep and quiet in state,lofty and philosophical in emotion.” His poems are full of stories,thus obscure.However,the truth is that these works are full of anger and criticism in the face of turbulent times; his paintings also express a sense of a literati's distress for the trouble days.Being weary of earthliness eventually makes him escape from the mundane,embrace the rest time of his life in the endless nature,visit in the mountains or meditate on the cloudy valley,and indulge in seclusion.
萧云从一生的成绩,主要是他的诗歌和绘画。由于他生活在明末清初的动荡时代,屡经“乱离迁播”,诗画多散轶,各种史志对其记载大抵简略,且同多异少,为我们深入了解他的事迹,商量其美学思想,带来诸多困难。不过,萧云从仍有一些作品流传于世,包括诗文、轴卷、册页和版刻画,这成为本文得以命题和考察的基础。
萧的诗歌与绘画,因具“境取幽深,情况高哲”①的独特标格,令后世瞩目。他的这种美学境界和取向,在其作品中又是如何表现的呢?概括说,一是诗歌中流露出的对社会乱象的批判意味;二是绘画中投射出了鲜明的隐逸色彩。
一、萧云从诗歌中的批判意味
萧云从(1596-1673),字尺木,号默思、无闷道人、于湖渔人、钟山梅下等,安徽芜湖人。他一生经历了晚明万历、泰昌、天启、崇祯和清初顺治、康熙六代。虽然萧在中年之前生活于明王朝,但并未看到国家昌隆,反倒是朝政无序,官僚派系互为倾轧,农民起义接连不断,使属意科考的萧云从,由积极进取变得心灰意冷起来。……
