李晓婧

关键词： 近代法制；施剑翘；侠义复仇；社会舆论

摘要： 侠义复仇乃公权力缺失的产物，随着公权力的逐步确立，理应退出历史舞台。南京国民政府时期发生的侠女施剑翘复仇案，从一审到二审再到三审以至最终的政府特赦，我们不难看出侠义复仇案件之传统运行模式在近代社会再次上演。清末的“礼法之争”并未终结，“情与法”的纠缠仍是近代司法的主题之一。一起看似普通的刑事案件，却向我们展示了影响民国司法的众多因素。一方面，舆论对案件的进程起到了推波助澜的作用，民族危亡之际民众对英雄式人物的迫切需要和对反面人物的极力打压影响了案件的结果。另一方面，如果舆论对案件影响所产生的结果正是当权者所需要的，那么，当权者将会迎合舆论，并通过舆论来传达自己的政治立场。

中图分类号： G444文献标志码： A文章编号： 10012435（2017）03035608

Key words： modern legal system； Shi Jianqiao； chivalrous revenge； public Opinion

Abstract： Revenge case is the product of lack of public power.With the gradual establishment of public power，revenge case should exit from the stage of history.From “Heroic Woman Shi Jianqiao Revenge Case” which happened in the period of Nanjing National Government，from the first instance to the second instance to the third trial as well as the final government amnesty，it can be seen that “Traditional Running Mode” of chivalrous revenge case staged in modern society again.“The Debate between Propriety and Law” in the end of the Qing Dynasty did not end.The raveling of “Propriety and Law” was still one of the modern judicature themes.A seemingly ordinary criminal case shows us many factors affecting judicature in Nanjing Government of Republic China.On the one hand，public opinion on the process of the case played a fueling role.People in urgent need of heroic figures and people on the villain strongly suppressed in the occasion of national peril affected the outcome of the case.On the other hand，if the impact of public opinion on the case was the authorities needed，authorities would cater to public opinion and convey their political position through public opinion.

俠义复仇是一种历史现象。复仇，尤其是血亲复仇，在上古氏族社会即已有之，世界范围内不同地区、不同种族的原始人群亦是如此。在中国传统社会，侠义复仇现象屡见不鲜，王立在其著作中已有详细论述。[1]关于中国古代侠义复仇现象的法文化解读，霍存福在其著作中，对传统中国刑法文化的三个主要文化元素——复仇、报复刑、报应说进行了分析，包括复仇事实与观念、法律中的报复刑因素及其表现、报应（恶报）理论的内容与特征，涉及到了中国传统刑法文化的三种主要存在形态——习俗文化、制度文化、观念文化，从法律文化的视角很好地解读了作为社会现象的侠义复仇行为。……