曹赟+古锐+赵明明+马逾英+钟世红+让坚+米鹏

[摘要] 该文对渣驯来源进行国内外文献考证，采用民族药用植物学调查方法对渣驯进行产地调研、关键人物访谈、实物收集和考据；结果表明渣驯来源国内主要为“矿源说”、“粪源说”、“猴子月經血说”，国外有“生物化石说”、“植物分泌物说”等；采访产地村民、采集者、藏医、药材商、国外学者共计18人，收集渣驯及代用品45批，鉴定认为正品为古籍所载“铁”类渣驯，代用品为粪粒黏结团块；根据现场勘测与文献研究认为“生物化石来源说”更符合岩层中渣驯来源实质。由此，该文认为渣驯是由岩层中有机生物化石渗出后与鼯鼠、鼠兔粪便的混合产物，亟需建立渣驯分级标准以评价药材质量，同时有必要进一步明确粪粒代用品用药合理性，该研究为渣驯品种整理、正本清源及质量标准研究打下了基础。

[关键词] 渣驯；来源；本草考证；使用现状；调查；生物化石

[Abstract] In this article the classics textual research to the origin of "Zha-xun" was carried out，the ethnobotanical research methods，the origin of visits，key informant interviews，sample collection and textual research were applied in the research. The results showed that the hypothesis of Zha-xun"s origin mainly included "source of mine"，"source of feces"，"source of monkey menstrual blood" in China. There were "source of fossil"，"source of the plant secretion" abroad. The authors had interviewed the villagers at origin，herbalists，Tibetan doctors，herb dealers，foreign scholars for a total of 18 people，and collecting 45 batches medicinal materials. According to ancient Tibetan classics textual and Tibetan medicine doctors′ views，medicinal materials were divided into the genuine and the substitutes. The genuine was identified as ancient so-called "iron" type "Zha-xun"，and the substitute was fecal pellet bonding briquette. According to the field survey and literature research，"source of fossil" more in line with substance of Zha-xun was derived from the rock. As the results，the author believed that Zha-xun was the mixture of organic fossils from the rock seepage with flying squirrel，pika feces. So it is needed to be set up Zha-xun classification standard to evaluate the quality of medicinal materials. Meanwhile，it was necessary to further clarify fecal pellet substitute rationality. Above all，this article clarified the status of the use of Tibetan medicine-"Zha-xun"，and laid the foundation of species systematics and quality standards research of "Zha-xun".

[Key words] Zha-xun；source；classics textual research；use situation；investigate；fossil

doi：10.4268/cjcmm20162428

渣驯，藏名，意译即“岩石的精华”，简称“岩精”，是一种常用的藏药生药。渣驯之名最早记载于公元8世纪的藏医文献《月王药诊》[1]。本品经水浸泡滤去杂质熬制成膏后即为渣驯膏，是大宗常用藏药，主要用于治疗诸热症，特治肝胃肾热症，如木布病、陈旧性肝病、眼病等[2]。在《部颁藏药标准》收载的201个成方制剂中，有34个含有渣驯膏，包括二十五味余甘子丸、智托洁白丸、十八味诃子利尿丸等知名品种，其在藏医药中具有举足轻重的地位。渣驯也是著名的国际传统药，在印度阿育吠陀体系中名为Shilajit（喜来芝），作为壮阳、抗氧化、免疫力剂广泛使用，在美国食品添加剂市场中也有出售。……