王昌华+喻本霞+周华蓉+刘翔+张植玮+钟国跃

[摘要] 对藏医学中药用报春花科植物的品种、基原及标准状况进行了分析整理。结果表明，相关文献记载的藏医学药用的报春花科植物共有3属44种（含变种），涉及以藏文名计药材品种17个，以汉文名计药材24个，与中药交叉使用品种1种；在我国现行各级药材标准中收载的藏文名药材6个，涉及原植物6种，分别占35%，14%；收载汉文名药材品种7个，涉及原植物7种，分别占30%，16%。在藏药的标准和文献中，药材的藏文名、藏文音译汉文名及汉文名用字以及其原植物物种存在着较大的差异，质量控制方面仅有性状、显微鉴别等项规定，标准极不完善。通过文献考证、资源和使用现状调查，结合现代药学研究规范藏药材的名称和基原，提高规范化和标准化程度，确保药材质量稳定可控和临床用药安全有效，以促进藏医药产业技术进步。

[关键词] 藏药；报春花科药用植物；品种；标准

[Abstract] In this paper，the varieties and origin of Primulaceae plants that used in Tibetan medicine were analyzed. The results showed that there were 3 genera and 44 species （including the varieties） of Primulaceae plants were recorded in the relevant literatures. Among them，17 varieties were recorded in Tibetan names，24 varieties were recorded in Chinese names and 1 variety was used in both of them. In current quality criteria of standards at all levels in China country，6 varieties were recorded in Tibetan names and 6 original plants were involved，which were 35% and 14% of them respectively. Seventeen varieties were recorded in Chinese name and 7 original plants were involved，which were 30% and 16% of them respectively. In Tibetan medicine standards and literatures，there were big differences between Tibetan names and Chinese names which were translated from Tibetan names and its original plants. There were only regulations of morphological identification and microscopic authentication，sothe standards were very inadequate. Therefore，through literatures research，resources and current situation investigations，combining the research and specification of the name and original of Tibetan medicine，the level of normalization and standardization could be enhanced，the stable and controllable safety and utility in clinical medication could be ensured to promote advancement of industry technology Tibetan medicine.

[Key words] Tibetan medicine；Primulaceae medicinal plants；varieties；standards

doi：10.4268/cjcmm20162427

藏醫药学是我国历史悠久、理论体系完整、使用地域广泛、使用人群最多的代表性的民族医药学之一，在我国藏民族及周边地区现代医疗服务体系中占有重要的地位。近年来，研究藏医药学的专家学者日益增多，但因其使用的药材品种中约有80%均产自青藏高原藏区，在品种的构成和来源上具有显著的“民族性”和“地域性”特点[1]。同时，受藏民族地区社会、经济、医药科技与教育体系发展程度相对较低，科研人才缺乏等综合因素的影响，有关藏医药的现代研究较为薄弱[2]。……