国外对比修辞研究动向
2017-03-31赵国秀
赵国秀
摘 要 对比修辞始于20世纪60年代,主要研究第二语言习得过程中母语的修辞方式对第二语言写作的影响。传统的对比修辞注重写作成果分析,过于强调二语写作修辞准则。90年代以来,对比修辞研究的兴趣与重点都有了更新,开始注重写作过程研究,并将认知因素与社会文化因素纳入二语写作研究框架中。近年来,对比修辞研究从跨文化修辞新视角探索社会文化等背景因素对二语写作的影响。本文在简要论述传统对比修辞理论的基础上,着重介绍讨论了(国外)对比修辞学的发展及其最新研究发展方向,旨在为对比修辞学的进一步发展提供一些启示。
关键词 对比修辞 跨文化修辞 二语写作
中图分类号:H05 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdks.2016.12.068
Abstract Since it was set up in the 1960s, contrastive rhetoric (CR) has been constantly modifying and revising its theoretical frameworks, extending from a purely linguistic framework to a multifaceted linguistic, cognitive and social-cultural framework. The earlier contrastive rhetorical studies tended to focus on the analysis of written products and laid too much emphasis on the rhetorical conventions of second language writing. Since 1990s, both the research interest and focus of CR have been renewed , having shifted to the study of writing process and taken cognitive factors and sociocultural factors into consideration. Lately a new perspective——Intercultural Rhetoric (IR) has been adopted to include dynamic models of cross-cultural research on second language writing, thus better encompassing the essence of CR and making important implications for teaching and practice of second language writing.
Keywords Contrastive rhetoric; Intercultural rhetoric; Second language writing
0 引言
“对比修辞”理论始于20世纪60年代,主要研究第二语言学习中母语修辞方式对第二语言写作的影响,通过对不同语言、不同文化的语篇规约和修辞模式的对比研究来启示第二语言写作实践”(王燕萍,2011)。40余年来,受诸多相关学科的影响,对比修辞研究不断吸收各个领域的新理论和新思想,不断拓宽研究领域、修正理论框架。本文就其发展过程進行简要回顾,重点介绍其研究新动向-跨文化修辞。
1 对比修辞的发展
1966年,美国应用语言学家Robert Kaplan首次引入“对比修辞”术语,率先对母语的语篇结构和修辞方式在第二语言中的表现进行研究。Kaplan指出不同的语言具有不同的修辞准则,母语的语言习惯和文化会对第二语言写作产生干扰,其观点将第二语言写作的研究从句法层面提升到了段落语篇的层面。……
