胡朝辉+黄斌+何智成+高林峰

摘要：传统的灵敏度分析对象针对的是单个零部件的厚度，无法对车身任意包含多个零部件的关键区域进行分析，对于分析结果，鲜有人进行可视化方法研究。针对以上问题，提出了区域灵敏度分析方法，在每个区域设置一个该区域零部件共用的区域设计变量，通过该变量的变化来控制区域内各个零部件的厚度变化。提出区域灵敏度分析结果的可视化方法，将得到的灵敏度分析数值进行可视化，能够直观快速地看出各个区域间的灵敏度大小关系。对某一国产车型进行区域灵敏度分析并将结果可视化。对区域设计变量进行优化，并结合工程实际提出结构优化方案。应用实例表明，区域灵敏度分析能够用来识别车身任意区域的灵敏度大小，该可视化方法为数据的快速识别提供了重要思路。

关键词：区域灵敏度分析；可视化；扭转刚度；结构优化

中图分类号：U463.82 文献标识码：A

A Study of Vehicle Structure Optimization Based on Regional Sensitivity Visualization

HU Zhaohui，HUANG Bin，HE Zhicheng，GAO Linfeng

（State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China）

Abstract： The traditional sensitivity analysis is mainly aimed at single part， not to some key regions those contain multi- parts； there are few studies for visualization of the analysis results. Aiming at the problems above， a method of regional sensitivity analysis was proposed， in the method a shared regional variable was set for each region， by the change of variable， thicknesses of the parts in the same region were changed accordingly. A visualization method to visualize the values of the regional sensitivity analysis results was also proposed， it was intuitive and quick to discern the regional sensitivity magnitude of the regions. The method of regional sensitivity analysis was applied to a domestic vehicle and the values of result were visualized. The regional variables were optimized and structure optimizations were purposed according to the results and practical condition of engineering. It indicates that the regional sensitivity analysis can be used to recognize the sensitivity value of any region of vehicle body， and the visualization method provides an important idea for the quick recognition of information.

Keywords：regional sensitivity analysis； visualization； torsional stiffness； structure optimization

车身结构优化一直以来都是热点研究问题[1-5]。Ashley指出，对于近期而言，钢仍然会是车身上使用的成本最低的材料[6]。而在不替代材料的情况下，车身性能要得到优化，必须进行结构的修改。其中，灵敏度分析是非常有效的手段。曹文钢等用灵敏度分析对客车车身进行优化[7]。Zhang等研究了弹性不稳定对设计灵敏度指数的影响情况[8]。Prater G等用试验方式研究了材料厚度变化对车身结构性能的影响[9]。张代胜等基于刚度灵敏度对客车车身轻量化进行了研究[10]。……