考虑碳排放的两级供应链最优决策模型
2016-12-03刘杰杨满李强
刘杰 杨满 李强



摘 要:随着全球化供应链环境复杂程度的提高,越来越多的企业也都在致力于解决企业面临的各种环境问题。基于传统的EOQ模型,构建由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链。模型中分散决策由制造商决定产品的批发价格和碳排放量,由零售商决定产品的零售价格和订货批量。在算例数据中,分析了消费者低碳偏好系数和订货成本的变化对供应链分散决策和集中决策的影响,其中集中决策用粒子群算法进行求解,得出集中决策下供应链既可以拥有较高的市场需求,获得更多的利润,而且集中决策下的碳排放量更少,有利于环保。
关键词:供应链;消费者低碳偏好;碳排放;集中决策
中图分类号:F273.7 文献标识码:A
Abstract: With the improvement of complexity of global supply chain environment, more and more companies are working to solve the various environmental problems. Based on the traditional EOQ model, establishing the two-stage supply chain composed of a single manufacturer and single retailer. In decentralized decision-making, product's wholesale price and carbon emissions is determined by the manufacturer, and the retailer determine the retail price of the product and order quantity. In case data, this paper analyzes the changes of low carbon consumer preference coefficient and ordering cost impact on decentralized decision and centralized decision of supply chain, centralized decision-making uses particle swarm algorithm to solve the problem, and it is concluded that under the centralized decision-making supply chain can have high market demand, gain more profit, and have less carbon emissions, which is profit to environmental protection.
Key words: supply chain; low carbon consumer preference; carbon emissions; centralized decision making
0 引 言
近来各企业都在寻找减少碳排放量的途径,大量实践证明通过对批量和订货量的调整,碳排放量都能在一定程度上实现减少。如何控制温室气体排放,减缓全球气候变暖已成为世界政治、经济、能源、环境等领域的重要议题[1]。近年来,考虑碳排放的EOQ问题的研究越来越多。Letmathe等[2]研究了碳排放限额与碳排放权交易机制下,公司内部产品组合和数量的线性规划问题,同时求解了混合整数规划最优化模型。Rosic等[3]在基本报童模型的基础上建立了一个考虑碳排放成本的单周期规划模型,进一步分析了与碳排放相关的因素对订购量的影响。Bonney等[4]的研究结果不同于传统的EOQ的模型,其结果显示增加每次订货的数量和减少订货的次数都会有利于减少订货成本和碳排放量。……
