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高昌故城城墙保护加固研究

2016-12-03阿布都艾尼·阿不都拉

敦煌研究 2016年5期

阿布都艾尼·阿不都拉

内容摘要:城墙遗址是高昌故城的重要组成部分,在整个高昌故城的空间格局中有着不可代替的作用和地位,有重要的历史、科学和艺术价值。由于自然因素和人类活动的破坏,现存城墙普遍存在根部掏蚀凹陷、墙体坍塌、裂缝、风化剥落等病害。2005年,丝绸之路(新疆段)大遗址保护项目启动以来,对高昌故城的西城墙、南城墙、部分内城墙进行了保护加固。从工程实际效果看,城墙遗址得到了较好的保护,然而尚存不少问题和有待提高的地方。本文利用ANSYS有限元模拟计算软件模拟计算加固前后的应力及位移状态,结合前几期保护加固措施,在对其进行效果评估基础上,对保护措施和施工工艺进行优化,以期对新疆地区的土遗址加固提供参考。

关键词:土遗址;加固效果评估;ANSYS模拟计算;保护措施优化

中图分类号:K854.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)05-0150-08

Abstract: City wall sites are an important part of ancient Gaochang for their function and position in the framework of the city, and for their historical, scientific, and artistic value. The remaining walls have suffered from various kinds of deterioration caused by natural factors and human activities, however, including serious damage caused by basal sapping, fissuring, and general weathering. The western wall, southern wall, and part of the inner city of Gaochang have been protected and reinforced since 2005 and the conservation project has been effective to some extent, but there remain some problems regarding conservation methods that need improving. This paper calculates the stress and displacement of both consolidated and unconsolidated walls using ANSYS numerical simulation software and assesses the reinforcement effect of past conservation efforts, then carries out optimization calculations for protective methods and construction technologies, hoping to provide reference for the future conservation of earthen sites in Xinjiang.

Keywords: earthen site; assessment of consolidation effect; numerical simulation of ANSYS; optimization of conservation method

1 引 言

高昌故城位于新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市区以东30km处的二堡乡古城村,是公元前1世纪至公元14世纪之间丝绸之路东天山南麓的第一大中心城镇,也是丝绸之路现存汉唐城址中唯一保存了三重城郭及原有城墙规模的古代城址。高昌故城于1961年被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位,2014年作为“丝绸之路:长安和天山廊道的路网”的一个遗产地被列入世界文化遗产名录。高昌故城呈不规则正方形,选址在北高南低的台地上,因地制宜,建造了内外相套的外城、内城和宫城三重城墙(图1)。……

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