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薄荷醇在墓葬壁画抢救性揭取上的应用研究

2016-12-03韩向娜张秉坚罗宏杰黄晓苏伯民

敦煌研究 2016年5期

韩向娜 张秉坚 罗宏杰 黄晓 苏伯民

内容摘要:薄荷醇是一种天然产物,在食品、日化和药物产业方面均有广泛的应用。利用薄荷醇在室温下能够自然挥发的特性,本文提出将其作为新型的墓葬壁画揭取材料用于考古发掘现场出土的墓葬壁画抢救性保护。在实验室对利用薄荷醇揭取壁画的可行性进行了系统研究,结果表明:薄荷醇能够满足壁画揭取的需求,在高于其熔点20—40℃的温度下施工具有最好的揭取效果,多次涂刷能够达到最佳的加固效果。使用薄荷醇对西安市一处唐墓壁画进行了现场壁画揭取试验,结果显示薄荷醇是一种有效的墓葬壁画揭取材料。

关键词:薄荷醇;壁画揭取;临时固型;可控去除

中图分类号:K854.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)05-0142-08

Abstract: An important natural compound extracted from plants, menthol has been widely used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. By taking advantage of its ability to volatilize at room temperature, this compound has been proposed as a new material useful for removing ancient tomb murals for better on-site conservation. This paper presents a feasibility study of menthol for this purpose under systematic laboratory conditions, concluding that menthol indeed meets the requirements of mural conservation work. Menthol's best operational temperature is about 20-40 ℃ higher than its melting point and the duplicative treatment of melted menthol shows the best consolidation efficacy. Finally, a field test was successfully carried out in a Tang dynasty tomb in Xian, which further proved that menthol is an effective material for separating the murals from the walls.

Keywords: menthol; ancient murals; Detachment; temporary consolidation; controlled removal

1 引 言

壁画是依附于建筑物墙壁上的绘画。中国古代的壁画艺术包括建筑壁画、石窟壁画和墓葬壁画等。这些壁画反映了当时社会政治、经济、文化、生活习俗、宗教、艺术、哲学、美学等诸多方面,其制作方法也与当时的政治、经济、文化、技术发展水平相适应。其中墓葬壁画是人们幻想在死后继续享受生前生活的反映,内容丰富,题材广泛,具有鲜明的时代特征,集中体现了当时壁画艺术的杰出成就。墓葬壁画因为深埋在地下而得以留存,弥足珍贵,具有极高的历史价值、艺术价值和科学价值。

墓葬壁画大多绘制在草拌泥的地仗层或者白灰层上,称为有地仗壁画;有的直接绘制在整修平整的墓壁上,称为无地仗壁画。……

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