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认知训练对老年人认知功能干预效果的前瞻性研究

2016-11-25陈玉明丁晓沧刘寒庄晓伟俞祺桑

上海预防医学 2016年10期
关键词:认知功能认知老年人

陈玉明+丁晓沧+刘寒+庄晓伟+俞祺桑

摘要: 目的 探讨认知训练对社区老年人认知功能的影响。方法 在上海市某街道社区60岁及以上老年人中,按照纳入排除标准共筛查90名老年人,分为认知训练干预组和非认知训练空白对照组。对干预组进行12周(24次)的认知训练,训练方法为认知训练课程与Lumosity脑功能锻炼软件相结合的综合性认知训练。干预前后的认知功能采用蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表(MoCA)对两组进行测评。结果 干预前,干预组的视空间与执行功能、命名、延迟回忆、定向力4个认知领域的评分及总评分高于对照组(P<0.05),注意、语言和抽象3个认知领域的评分两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,干预组视空间与执行功能、注意、抽象、延迟回忆4个认知领域的评分及总评分较干预前提高(P<0.05)。结论 认知训练可以部分提高或保持老年人的认知功能。

关键词:老年人;认知;认知障碍;认知训练;认知功能

Abstract: Objective To explore cognitive training effected on cognitive function for elderly in the community. Methods Ninety-nine old people with age 60 and over in a community of Shanghai were included in the study, and divided into cognitive training group and control group. To the elderly in the cognitive training group had been conducted cognitive training 12 weeks (24 times), a comprehensive cognitive training method was used, combining cognitive training courses with Lumosity (a brain functional exercise software). The two group elderly were evaluated before and after the intervention by The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Results Before the intervention, visual space and executive function, naming, delayed recall, directional force and total score of cognitive training group were higher than the control group (P<0.05), and there were not statistically significant difference in attention, language ability and abstract ability between the two groups (P>0.05); Comparison after the intervention: intervention groups visual space and executive function, attention, language, abstract, delayed recall and total score increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive training could improve and maintain cognitive function for community elderly, especially the field of delayed recall.

Key words: cognitive training; elderly; cognitive function

人口老龄化是21世纪世界各国面临的重大社会问题,伴随老龄化最明显且影响最大的是老年人认知功能的逐渐衰退趋势,由此加剧了认知老化相关的老年痴呆等慢性疾病的患病率[1]。据文献报道,目前老年痴呆已成为继癌症、心脏病、脑血管病之后引起老年人死亡的第4大病因[2],且尚无彻底治愈的方法,因此老年痴呆的早期预防和干预受到广泛重视[3]。研究证实认知功能具有可塑性,认知训练可改善老年人的认知功能,对预防老年痴呆具有重要意义,认知训练包括单领域认知训练和多领域认知训练,多领域认知训练对认知功能的改善作用更明显[4]。本研究以此为依据设计简单易操作的多领域认知训练方式,通过前瞻性对照研究,观察该认知训练对老年人多个认知功能领域的影响程度,为社区老年人的痴呆预防提供方法学基础,从而促进老年人群的心理健康,推进健康城市的建设与发展。……

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